EMNLP Findings2023
MaXM: Towards Multilingual Visual Question Answering
Soravit Changpinyo, Linting Xue, Michal Yarom, Ashish V. Thapliyal, Idan Szpektor, Julien Amelot, Xi Chen, Radu Soricut
Abstract
Visual Question Answering (VQA) has been primarily studied through the lens of the English language.Yet, tackling VQA in other languages in the same manner would require a considerable amount of resources.In this paper, we propose scalable solutions to multilingual visual question answering (mVQA), on both data and modeling fronts.We first propose a translation-based framework to mVQA data generation that requires much less human annotation efforts than the conventional approach of directly collection questions and answers.Then, we apply our framework to the multilingual captions in the Crossmodal-3600 dataset and develop an efficient annotation protocol to create MaXM, a test-only VQA benchmark in 7 diverse languages.Finally, we develop a simple, lightweight, and effective approach as well as benchmark state-of-the-art English and multilingual VQA models.We hope that our benchmark encourages further research on mVQA.Q: הזה העוף של השם ?מה A: קזואר (Q: What is the name of this bird?A: Cassowary) Q: กระโปรงบนตุ กตาสี อะไร?A: สี ขาว, ขาว (Q: What color is the skirt on
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Cited by top-tier papers11
- Meta CLIP 2: A Worldwide Scaling RecipeYung-Sung Chuang, Yang Li, Dong Wang, Ching-Feng Yeh et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 72 citations
- Benchmarking Vision Language Models for Cultural UnderstandingShravan Nayak, Kanishk Jain, Rabiul Awal, Siva Reddy et al.EMNLP 2024 · 26 citations
- R2-MultiOmnia: Leading Multilingual Multimodal Reasoning via Self-TrainingLeonardo Ranaldi, Federico Ranaldi, Giulia PucciACL 2025 · 9 citations
- IndicVisionBench: Benchmarking Cultural and Multilingual Understanding in VLMsAli Faraz, Akash, Shaharukh Khan, Raja Kolla et al.ICLR 2026 · 9 citations
- Kaleidoscope: In-language Exams for Massively Multilingual Vision EvaluationIsrafel Salazar, Manuel Fernández Burda, Shayekh Bin Islam, Arshia Soltani Moakhar et al.ICLR 2026 · 8 citations
Builds on18
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language ModelsJunnan Li, Dongxu Li, Silvio Savarese, Steven C. H. HoiICML 2023 · 7,873 citations
- Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 6,707 citations
- Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot LearnersJason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Y. Zhao, Kelvin Guu et al.ICLR 2022 · 4,966 citations
- Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task GeneralizationVictor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen H. Bach et al.ICLR 2022 · 1,976 citations
Related papers
- xGQA: Cross-Lingual Visual Question AnsweringJonas Pfeiffer, Gregor Geigle, Aishwarya Kamath, Jan-Martin O. Steitz et al.ACL Findings 2022 · 46 citations
- MTVQA: Benchmarking Multilingual Text-Centric Visual Question AnsweringJingqun Tang, Qi Liu, Yongjie Ye, Jinghui Lu et al.ACL Findings 2025 · 11 citations
- Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation DatasetAshish V. Thapliyal, Jordi Pont-Tuset, Xi Chen, Radu SoricutEMNLP 2022 · 31 citations
- UC2: Universal Cross-Lingual Cross-Modal Vision-and-Language Pre-TrainingMingyang Zhou, Luowei Zhou, Shuohang Wang, Yu Cheng et al.CVPR 2021
- Cross-Lingual Text-Rich Visual Comprehension: An Information Theory PerspectiveXinmiao Yu, Xiaocheng Feng, Yun Li, Minghui Liao et al.AAAI 2025 · 7 citations
