EMNLP Findings2025
Automated Creativity Evaluation for Large Language Models: A Reference-Based Approach
Ruizhe Li, Chiwei Zhu, Benfeng Xu, Xiaorui Wang, Zhendong Mao
Abstract
Creative writing is a key capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), with potential applications in literature, storytelling, and various creative domains. However, evaluating the creativity of machine-generated texts remains a significant challenge, as existing methods either rely on costly manual annotations or fail to align closely with human assessments. In this paper, we propose an effective automated evaluation method based on the Torrance Test of Creative Writing (TTCW), which evaluates creativity as product. Our method employs a reference-based Likert-style approach, scoring generated creative texts relative to high-quality reference texts across various tests. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the alignment between LLM evaluations and human assessments, achieving a pairwise accuracy of 0.75 (+15%).
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Cited by top-tier papers6
- WebDevJudge: Evaluating (M)LLMs as Critiques for Web Development QualityChunyang Li, Yilun Zheng, Xinting Huang, Tianqing Fang et al.ICLR 2026 · 14 citations
- Evaluating Text Creativity across Diverse Domains: a Dataset and Large Language Model EvaluatorQian Cao, Xiting Wang, Yuzhuo Yuan, Yahui Liu et al.ICLR 2026 · 11 citations
- Measuring LLM Novelty As The Frontier Of Original And High-Quality OutputVishakh Padmakumar, Chen Yueh-Han, Jane Pan, Valerie Chen et al.ICLR 2026 · 6 citations
- DEFINED: A Data-Efficient Computational Framework for Fine-Grained Creativity Assessment in Debate ScenariosTongzhou Yu, Mingjia Li, Hong Qian, Wenkai Wang et al.KDD 2026 · 1 citation
- TRACE: A Corpus of Team Creative DiscussionsYixuan Jiang, Tiancheng Hu, José Hernández-Orallo, David Stillwell et al.ACL 2026
Builds on7
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text GenerationWeizhe Yuan, Graham Neubig, Pengfei LiuNeurIPS 2021 · 1,143 citations
- Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language ModelsMrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Tomasz Korbak, David Duvenaud et al.ICLR 2024 · 762 citations
- Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written EvaluationsEthan Perez, Sam Ringer, Kamile Lukosiute, Karina Nguyen et al.ACL Findings 2023 · 195 citations
- Art or Artifice? Large Language Models and the False Promise of CreativityTuhin Chakrabarty, Philippe Laban, Divyansh Agarwal, Smaranda Muresan et al.CHI 2024 · 122 citations
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