ACL Findings2025
ExPerT: Effective and Explainable Evaluation of Personalized Long-Form Text Generation
Alireza Salemi, Julian Killingback, Hamed Zamani
Abstract
Evaluating personalized text generated by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, as only the LLM user, i.e. prompt author, can reliably assess the output, but re-engaging the same individuals across studies is infeasible. This paper addresses the challenge of evaluating personalized text generation by introducing ExPerT, an explainable reference-based evaluation framework. ExPerT leverages an LLM to extract atomic aspects and their evidences from the generated and reference texts, match the aspects, and evaluate their alignment based on content and writing style-two key attributes in personalized text generation. Additionally, ExPerT generates detailed, fine-grained explanations for every step of the evaluation process, enhancing transparency and interpretability. Our experiments demonstrate that ExPerT achieves a 7.2% relative improvement in alignment with human judgments compared to the state-of-the-art text generation evaluation methods. Furthermore, human evaluators rated the usability of ExPerT's explanations at 4.7 out of 5, highlighting its effectiveness in making evaluation decisions more interpretable.
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Cited by top-tier papers6
- NextQuill: Causal Preference Modeling for Enhancing LLM PersonalizationXiaoyan Zhao, Juntao You, Yang Zhang, Wenjie Wang et al.ICLR 2026 · 38 citations
- Think-While-Generating: On-the-Fly Reasoning for Personalized Long-Form GenerationChengbing Wang, Yang Zhang, Wenjie Wang, Xiaoyan Zhao et al.ICLR 2026 · 35 citations
- Rethinking Personalization in Large Language Models at the Token LevelChenheng Zhang, Yijun Lu, Lizhe Fang, Chunyuan Zheng et al.ICML 2026 · 1 citation
- IPQA: A Benchmark for Core Intent Identification in Personalized Question AnsweringJieyong Kim, Maryam Amirizaniani, Soojin Yoon, Dongha LeeSIGIR 2026
- Learning from Natural Language Feedback for Personalized Question AnsweringAlireza Salemi, Hamed ZamaniSIGIR 2026
Builds on22
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentionWoosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng et al.SOSP 2023 · 1,016 citations
- G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using Gpt-4 with Better Human AlignmentYang Liu, Dan Iter, Yichong Xu, Shuohang Wang et al.EMNLP 2023 · 549 citations
- FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text GenerationSewon Min, Kalpesh Krishna, Xinxi Lyu, Mike Lewis et al.EMNLP 2023 · 225 citations
- Towards a Unified Multi-Dimensional Evaluator for Text GenerationMing Zhong, Yang Liu, Da Yin, Yuning Mao et al.EMNLP 2022 · 103 citations
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