Supporting Industry Computing Researchers in Assessing, Articulating, and Addressing the Potential Negative Societal Impact of Their Work

Recent years have witnessed increasing calls for computing researchers to grapple with the societal impacts of their work. Tools such as impact assessments have gained prominence as a method to uncover potential impacts, and a number of publication venues now encourage authors to include an impact statement in their submissions. Despite this recent push, little is known about the way researchers go about assessing, articulating, and addressing the potential negative societal impact of their work --- especially in industry settings, where research outcomes are often quickly integrated into products and services. In addition, while there are nascent efforts to support researchers in this task, there remains a dearth of empirically-informed tools and processes. Through interviews with 25 industry computing researchers across different companies and research areas, we identify four key factors that influence how they grapple with (or choose not to grapple with) the societal impact of their research: the relationship between industry researchers and product teams; organizational dynamics and cultures that prioritize innovation and speed; misconceptions about societal impact; and a lack of sufficient infrastructure to support researchers. To develop an effective impact assessment template tailored to industry computing researchers' needs, we conduct an iterative co-design process with these 25 industry researchers, along with an additional 16 researchers and practitioners with prior experience and expertise in reviewing and developing impact assessments or responsible computing practices more broadly. Through the co-design process, we develop 10 design considerations to facilitate the effective design, implementation, and adaptation of an impact assessment template for use in industry research settings and beyond, as well as our own "Societal Impact Assessment" template with concrete scaffolds. We explore the effectiveness of this template through a user study with 15 industry research interns, revealing both its strengths and limitations. Finally, we discuss the implications for future researchers, organizations, and policymakers seeking to foster more responsible research practices.