RiskRAG: A Data-Driven Solution for Improved AI Model Risk Reporting
Pooja S. B. Rao, Sanja Scepanovic, Ke Zhou, Edyta Paulina Bogucka, Daniele Quercia
Abstract
Stable Beluga 2 is a Llama2 70B model finetuned on an Orca style Dataset. This repository contains the model from the stabilityai/StableBeluga2 repository with the following changes: -Storing weights in bfloat16 instead of float32. This leads to 2x smaller files and a small quality loss, which is not significant compared to the loss caused by NF4 quantization used in Petals by default.
-Storing weights in small shards. Each transformer block is stored in its own shard (1.71 GB each). The input and output embeddings and adjacent layernorms are in a separate shard (1.05 GB) too. This way, Petals clients and servers don't have to download any excess data besides the layers they actually use.
-Using Safetensors instead of Pickle. This allows faster loading with smaller RAM requirements.
Training Dataset Stable Beluga 2 is trained on our internal Orca-style dataset. Training data is a synthetic dataset that was created to enhance the small model's reasoning abilities. The dataset comprises a diverse collection of tasks aimed at training AI models across various domains, focusing on cautious reasoning and alignment with ethical guidelines. It includes approximately 602,000 zero-shot queries grouped into 23 categories and 126 sub-categories, each sharing a common instruction format to promote consistency. The dataset also features 55,000 few-shot samples to encourage the model's ability to learn from context, around 160,000 math problems sourced from a variety of existing datasets, and 2,000 synthetically generated conversations between doctors and patients designed to test the model's specialized skills.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers4
- Agent-Supported Foresight for AI Systemic Risks: AI Agents for Breadth, Experts for JudgmentLeon Fröhling, Alessandro Giaconia, Edyta Paulina Bogucka, Daniele QuerciaCHI 2026 · 3 citations
- When Workout Buddies Are Virtual: AI Agents and Human Peers in a Longitudinal Physical Activity StudyAlessandro Silacci, Mauro Cherubini, Arianna Boldi, Amon Rapp et al.CHI 2026 · 2 citations
- PASTA: A Scalable Framework for Multi-Policy AI Compliance EvaluationYu Yang, Ig-Jae Kim, Dongwook YoonCHI 2026 · 1 citation
- Certified AI System = Trustworthy? Exploring Expert and Lay User Perceptions and Needs Regarding AI CertificationSarah Abdelwahab Gaballah, Nur Efsan Cetinkaya, Magdalena Wischnewski, Martina Angela SasseCHI 2026 · 1 citation
Builds on13
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text GenerationWeizhe Yuan, Graham Neubig, Pengfei LiuNeurIPS 2021 · 1,143 citations
- Large Language Models Struggle to Learn Long-Tail KnowledgeNikhil Kandpal, Haikang Deng, Adam Roberts, Eric Wallace et al.ICML 2023 · 623 citations
- Co-Designing Checklists to Understand Organizational Challenges and Opportunities around Fairness in AIMichael A. Madaio, Luke Stark, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna M. WallachCHI 2020 · 428 citations
Related papers
- OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction DataShubham Toshniwal, Wei Du, Ivan Moshkov, Branislav Kisacanin et al.ICLR 2025
- LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Large Language Models with Zero-initialized AttentionRenrui Zhang, Jiaming Han, Chris Liu, Aojun Zhou et al.ICLR 2024 · 174 citations
- QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMsTim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke ZettlemoyerNeurIPS 2023 · 5,863 citations
- MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language ModelsLonghui Yu, Weisen Jiang, Han Shi, Jincheng Yu et al.ICLR 2024 · 637 citations
- EfficientQAT: Efficient Quantization-Aware Training for Large Language ModelsMengzhao Chen, Wenqi Shao, Peng Xu, Jiahao Wang et al.ACL 2025
