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Leveraging Online Olympiad-Level Math Problems for LLMs Training and Contamination-Resistant Evaluation

Sadegh Mahdavi, Muchen Li, Kaiwen Liu, Christos Thrampoulidis, Leonid Sigal, Renjie Liao

Abstract

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their ability to solve Olympiad-level math problems. However, the training and evaluation of these models are constrained by the limited size and quality of available datasets, as creating large-scale data for such advanced problems requires extensive effort from human experts. In addition, current benchmarks are prone to contamination, leading to unreliable evaluations. In this paper, we present an automated pipeline that leverages the rich resources of the Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) forum, which predominantly features Olympiad-level problems and community-driven solutions. Using open-source LLMs, we develop a method to extract question-answer pairs from the forum, resulting in AoPS-Instruct, a dataset of more than 600,000 high-quality QA pairs. Our experiments demonstrate that finetuning LLMs on AoPS-Instruct improves their reasoning abilities across various benchmarks. Moreover, we build an automatic pipeline that introduces LiveAoPSBench, an evolving evaluation set with timestamps, derived from the latest forum data, providing a contamination-resistant benchmark for assessing LLM performance. Notably, we observe a significant decline in LLM performance over time, suggesting their success on older examples may stem from pre-training exposure rather than true reasoning ability. Our work presents a scalable approach to creating and maintaining large-scale, high-quality datasets for advanced math reasoning, offering valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of * Equal Contribution, order decided by a coin flip

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Cited by top-tier papers8

  1. Think Only When You Need with Large Hybrid-Reasoning ModelsLingjie Jiang, Xun Wu, Shaohan Huang, Qingxiu Dong et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 71 citations
  2. Uni-DPO: A Unified Paradigm for Dynamic Preference Optimization of LLMsShangpin Peng, Weinong Wang, Zhuotao Tian, Senqiao Yang et al.ICLR 2026 · 10 citations
  3. MPS-Prover: Advancing Stepwise Theorem Proving by Multi-Perspective Search and Data CurationZhenwen Liang, Linfeng Song, Yang Li, Tao Yang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 10 citations
  4. MathNet: A Global Multimodal Benchmark for Mathematical Reasoning and RetrievalShaden Alshammari, Kevin Wen, Abrar Zainal, Mark Hamilton et al.ICLR 2026 · 9 citations
  5. Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet TextXiming Lu, David Acuna, Jaehun Jung, Jian Hu et al.ICML 2026 · 6 citations

Builds on7

  1. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou et al.ICLR 2021 · 7,905 citations
  2. Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language ModelsAitor Lewkowycz, Anders Andreassen, David Dohan, Ethan Dyer et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 2,039 citations
  3. MAmmoTH2: Scaling Instructions from the WebXiang Yue, Tianyu Zheng, Ge Zhang, Wenhu ChenNeurIPS 2024 · 176 citations
  4. OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web TextKeiran Paster, Marco Dos Santos, Zhangir Azerbayev, Jimmy BaICLR 2024 · 140 citations
  5. DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-SolvingYuxuan Tong, Xiwen Zhang, Rui Wang, Ruidong Wu et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 116 citations

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  1. Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark for Large Language ModelsBofei Gao, Feifan Song, Zhe Yang, Zefan Cai et al.ICLR 2025 · 3 citations
  2. AMO-Bench: Large Language Models Still Struggle in High School Math CompetitionsJunlin Liu, Shengnan An, Shuang Zhou, Dan Ma et al.ACL Findings 2026
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