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EMNLP Findings2023

DetectLLM: Leveraging Log Rank Information for Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text

Jinyan Su, Terry Yue Zhuo, Di Wang, Preslav Nakov

Abstract

With the rapid progress of Large language models (LLMs) and the huge amount of text they generate, it becomes impractical to manually distinguish whether a text is machine-generated. The growing use of LLMs in social media and education, prompts us to develop methods to detect machine-generated text, preventing malicious use such as plagiarism, misinformation, and propaganda. In this paper, we introduce two novel zero-shot methods for detecting machine-generated text by leveraging the Log-Rank information. One is called DetectLLM-LRR, which is fast and efficient, and the other is called DetectLLM-NPR, which is more accurate, but slower due to the need for perturbations. Our experiments on three datasets and seven language models show that our proposed methods improve over the state of the art by 3.9 and 1.75 AUROC points absolute. Moreover, DetectLLM-NPR needs fewer perturbations than previous work to achieve the same level of performance, which makes it more practical for real-world use. We also investigate the efficiency-performance trade-off based on users' preference for these two measures and provide intuition for using them in practice effectively. We release the data and the code of both methods in https://github. com/mbzuai-nlp/DetectLLM.

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Cited by top-tier papers77

  1. Fast-DetectGPT: Efficient Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text via Conditional Probability CurvatureGuangsheng Bao, Yanbin Zhao, Zhiyang Teng, Linyi Yang et al.ICLR 2024 · 311 citations
  2. DeTeCtive: Detecting AI-generated Text via Multi-Level Contrastive LearningXun Guo, Yongxin He, Shan Zhang, Ting Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 100 citations
  3. An Unforgeable Publicly Verifiable Watermark for Large Language ModelsAiwei Liu, Leyi Pan, Xuming Hu, Shuang Li et al.ICLR 2024 · 63 citations
  4. DeepScientist: Advancing Frontier-Pushing Scientific Findings ProgressivelyYixuan Weng, Minjun Zhu, Qiujie Xie, Qiyao Sun et al.ICLR 2026 · 57 citations
  5. BiScope: AI-generated Text Detection by Checking Memorization of Preceding TokensHanxi Guo, Siyuan Cheng, Xiaolong Jin, Zhuo Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 52 citations

Builds on11

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. The Curious Case of Neural Text DegenerationAri Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Du, Maxwell Forbes et al.ICLR 2020 · 4,112 citations
  3. DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability CurvatureEric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D. Manning et al.ICML 2023 · 988 citations
  4. A Watermark for Large Language ModelsJohn Kirchenbauer, Jonas Geiping, Yuxin Wen, Jonathan Katz et al.ICML 2023 · 854 citations
  5. Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defenseKalpesh Krishna, Yixiao Song, Marzena Karpinska, John Wieting et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 657 citations

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  1. DNA-DetectLLM: Unveiling AI-Generated Text via a DNA-Inspired Mutation-Repair ParadigmXiaowei Zhu, Yubing Ren, Fang Fang, Qingfeng Tan et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 10 citations
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