EMNLP Findings2023
LLMDet: A Third Party Large Language Models Generated Text Detection Tool
Kangxi Wu, Liang Pang, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng, Tat-Seng Chua
Abstract
Generated texts from large language models (LLMs) are remarkably close to high-quality human-authored text, raising concerns about their potential misuse in spreading false information and academic misconduct. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a highly practical detection tool capable of accurately identifying the source of a given text. However, existing detection tools typically rely on access to LLMs and can only differentiate between machine-generated and human-authored text, failing to meet the requirements of fine-grained tracing, intermediary judgment, and rapid detection. Therefore, we propose LLMDet, a model-specific, secure, efficient, and extendable detection tool, that can source text from specific LLMs, such as GPT-2, OPT, LLaMA, and others. In LLMDet, we record the nexttoken probabilities of salient n-gram as features to calculate proxy perplexity for each LLM. By jointly analyzing the proxy perplexities of LLMs, we can determine the source of the generated text. Experimental results show that LLMDet yields impressive detection performance while ensuring speed and security, achieving 98.54% precision and about ×5.0 faster for recognizing human-authored text. Additionally, LLMDet can effortlessly extend its detection capabilities to a new open-source model. We will provide an open-source tool at https://github.com/TrustedLLM/LLMDet.
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Cited by top-tier papers15
- WaterMax: breaking the LLM watermark detectability-robustness-quality trade-offEva Giboulot, Teddy FuronNeurIPS 2024 · 76 citations
- Who Wrote this Code? Watermarking for Code GenerationTaehyun Lee, Seokhee Hong, Jaewoo Ahn, Ilgee Hong et al.ACL 2024 · 36 citations
- RAID: A Shared Benchmark for Robust Evaluation of Machine-Generated Text DetectorsLiam Dugan, Alyssa Hwang, Filip Trhlík, Andrew Zhu et al.ACL 2024 · 18 citations
- Between Lines of Code: Unraveling the Distinct Patterns of Machine and Human ProgrammersYuling Shi, Hongyu Zhang, Chengcheng Wan, Xiaodong GuICSE 2025 · 9 citations
- Beyond Next Token Probabilities: Learnable, Fast Detection of Hallucinations and Data Contamination on LLM Output DistributionsGuy Bar-Shalom, Fabrizio Frasca, Derek Lim, Yoav Gelberg et al.AAAI 2026 · 7 citations
Builds on8
- BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and ComprehensionMike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad et al.ACL 2020 · 1,224 citations
- DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability CurvatureEric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D. Manning et al.ICML 2023 · 988 citations
- A Watermark for Large Language ModelsJohn Kirchenbauer, Jonas Geiping, Yuxin Wen, Jonathan Katz et al.ICML 2023 · 854 citations
- Weight Poisoning Attacks on Pretrained ModelsKeita Kurita, Paul Michel, Graham NeubigACL 2020 · 312 citations
- Adversarial Watermarking Transformer: Towards Tracing Text Provenance with Data HidingSahar Abdelnabi, Mario FritzS&P 2021 · 210 citations
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