Zero-Shot Detection of LLM-Generated Text via Implicit Reward Model
Runheng Liu, Heyan Huang, Xingchen Xiao, Zhijing Wu
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their ability to generate human-like text has raised concerns about potential misuse. This underscores the need for reliable and effective methods to detect LLM-generated text. In this paper, we propose IRM, a novel zero-shot approach that leverages Implicit Reward Models for LLM-generated text detection. Such implicit reward models can be derived from publicly available instruction-tuned and base models. Previous reward-based method relies on preference construction and task-specific fine-tuning. In comparison, IRM requires neither preference collection nor additional training. We evaluate IRM on the DetectRL benchmark and demonstrate that IRM can achieve superior detection performance, outperforms existing zero-shot and supervised methods in LLM-generated text detection.
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Watermarking Diffusion Language ModelsThibaud Gloaguen, Robin Staab, Nikola Jovanović, Martin VechevICLR 2026 · 13 citations
- Zero-Shot Detection of LLM-Generated Text using Temperature SensitivityShixuan Ma, Jiahao Li, Zhendong Mao, Quan WangACL 2026
- Exons-Detect: Identifying and Amplifying Exonic Tokens via Hidden-State Discrepancy for Robust AI-Generated Text DetectionXiaowei Zhu, Yubing Ren, Fang Fang, Shi Wang et al.ACL 2026
Builds on20
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
- Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 10,924 citations
- DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability CurvatureEric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D. Manning et al.ICML 2023 · 988 citations
- RADAR: Robust AI-Text Detection via Adversarial LearningXiaomeng Hu, Pin-Yu Chen, Tsung-Yi HoNeurIPS 2023 · 315 citations
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