Traumatizing or Just Annoying? Unveiling the Spectrum of Gamer Toxicity in the StarCraft II Community
Samuli Laato, Bastian Kordyaka, Juho Hamari
Abstract
The aim of this work is to explore the forms of toxic behaviour that players encounter in competitive multiplayer real-time strategy (RTS) games. To this end, we carried out ethnographic observations and player interviews within the popular RTS game StarCraft II, and approached the data inductively, leading us to discover ten categories of toxic behaviour. While the harmfulness of toxic actions can be obtained as a product of severity and frequency, players’ assessment of the severity of toxic behaviors was contextualized by, (1) directly observed; (2) background; and (3) extraneous factors. Following our empirical findings, we derive a conceptual model for differentiating toxicity from mildly annoying and more severe behaviors. The discovered view of toxicity challenges the prevailing paradigm of treating players’ toxic behavior as a monolithic construct with a linear intensity spectrum. Instead, we advocate for a more granular approach, encouraging an understanding of the underlying dynamics behind negative online behaviors.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 52163dc2-7c44-41d5-b72c-dc95db4f3db7Cited by top-tier papers4
- Less Talk, More Trust: Understanding Players' In-game Assessment of Communication Processes in League of LegendsJuhoon Lee, Seoyoung Kim, Yeon Su Park, Juho Kim et al.CHI 2025 · 9 citations
- Restoration, Exploration and Transformation: How Youth Engage Character.AI for Fun, Feels and Finding themselvesAnnabel Blake, Marcus Carter, Eduardo VellosoCHI 2026 · 4 citations
- Perspectives on Mixed-Ability CompetitionPedro Trindade, João Guerreiro, André RodriguesCHI 2025 · 2 citations
- "I Don't Have Faith in The Developers to Use My Feedback": Understanding Player Values and Expectancy for Reporting Systems in Video GamesMichael Yin, Chenxinran Shen, Robert XiaoCSCW 2026
Builds on10
- Don't You Know That You're Toxic: Normalization of Toxicity in Online GamingNicole A. Beres, Julian Frommel, Elizabeth Reid, Regan L. Mandryk et al.CHI 2021 · 235 citations
- See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil: How Collegiate Players Define, Experience and Cope with ToxicitySelen Türkay, Jessica Formosa, Sonam Adinolf, Robert Cuthbert et al.CHI 2020 · 126 citations
- Using Thematic Analysis in Healthcare HCI at CHI: A Scoping ReviewRobert Bowman, Camille Nadal, Kellie Morrissey, Anja Thieme et al.CHI 2023 · 106 citations
- Is Your Toxicity My Toxicity? Exploring the Impact of Rater Identity on Toxicity AnnotationNitesh Goyal, Ian D. Kivlichan, Rachel Rosen, Lucy VassermanCSCW 2022 · 74 citations
- Longing to be the Mountain: A Scoping Review about Nature-Centric, Health-Minded TechnologiesVelvet Spors, Samuli Laato, Oguz 'Oz' Buruk, Juho HamariCHI 2023 · 48 citations
Related papers
- Exploring Aggressors' In‑Match Cognitive and Emotional Formation and Toxic Behavior Trajectories in MOBA GamesKangyu Yuan, Hanfang Lyu, Runhua Zhang, Hansika Murugu et al.CHI 2026 · 1 citation
- Toxicity in Online Games: The Prevalence and Efficacy of Coping StrategiesJulian Frommel, Regan L. MandrykCHI 2024 · 22 citations
- Designed for Hostility? Toxic Behavior and Ambivalent Game Elements in Online Multiplayer Game GenresBastian KordyakaCHI 2026 · 2 citations
- The Ethics of Multiplayer Game Design and Community Management: Industry Perspectives and ChallengesLucy A. Sparrow, Martin R. Gibbs, Michael Victor ArnoldCHI 2021 · 46 citations
- Recognizing Affiliation: Using Behavioural Traces to Predict the Quality of Social Interactions in Online GamesJulian Frommel, Valentin Sagl, Ansgar E. Depping, Colby Johanson et al.CHI 2020 · 24 citations
