MMDT: Decoding the Trustworthiness and Safety of Multimodal Foundation Models
Chejian Xu, Jiawei Zhang, Zhaorun Chen, Chulin Xie, Mintong Kang, Yujin Potter, Zhun Wang, Zhuowen Yuan, Alexander Xiong, Zidi Xiong, Chenhui Zhang, Lingzhi Yuan
Abstract
Multimodal foundation models (MMFMs) play a crucial role in various applications, including autonomous driving, healthcare, and virtual assistants. However, several studies have revealed vulnerabilities in these models, such as generating unsafe content by text-to-image models. Existing benchmarks on multimodal models either predominantly assess the helpfulness of these models, or only focus on limited perspectives such as fairness and privacy. In this paper, we present the first unified platform, MMDT (Multimodal DecodingTrust), designed to provide a comprehensive safety and trustworthiness evaluation for MMFMs. Our platform assesses models from multiple perspectives, including safety, hallucination, fairness/bias, privacy, adversarial robustness, and out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. We have designed various evaluation scenarios and red teaming algorithms under different tasks for each perspective to generate challenging data, forming a high-quality benchmark. We evaluate a range of multimodal models using MMDT, and our findings reveal a series of vulnerabilities and areas for improvement across these perspectives. This work introduces the first comprehensive and unique safety and trustworthiness evaluation platform for MMFMs, paving the way for developing safer and more reliable MMFMs and systems. Our platform and benchmark are available at https://mmdecodingtrust.github.io/ .
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers8
- AudioTrust: Benchmarking The Multifaceted Trustworthiness of Audio Large Language ModelsKai Li, Can Shen, Yile Liu, Jirui Han et al.ICLR 2026 · 17 citations
- Synthesize Privacy-Preserving High-Resolution Images via Private Textual IntermediariesHaoxiang Wang, Zinan Lin, Da Yu, Huishuai ZhangNeurIPS 2025 · 9 citations
- On Fairness of Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Image GenerationMing Liu, Hao Chen, Jindong Wang, Liwen Wang et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 6 citations
- Detecting Misbehaviors of Large Vision-Language Models by Evidential Uncertainty QuantificationTao Huang, Rui Wang, Xiaofei Liu, Yi Qin et al.ICLR 2026 · 4 citations
- SafeRoPE: Risk-specific Head-wise Embedding Rotation for Safe Generation in Rectified Flow TransformersXiang Yang, Feifei Li, Mi Zhang, Geng Hong et al.CVPR 2026 · 2 citations
Builds on39
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- Visual Instruction TuningHaotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, Yong Jae LeeNeurIPS 2023 · 11,349 citations
- Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 10,924 citations
- Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 6,707 citations
Related papers
- TrustGen: A Platform of Dynamic Benchmarking on the Trustworthiness of Generative Foundation ModelsYue Huang, Chujie Gao, Siyuan Wu, Haoran Wang et al.ICLR 2026
- Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models Against Image CorruptionsXinkuan Qiu, Meina Kan, Yongbin Zhou, Shiguang ShanICCV 2025 · 1 citation
- USB: A Comprehensive and Unified Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language ModelsBaolin Zheng, Guanlin Chen, Qingyang Teng, Hongqiong Zhong et al.ACL 2026 · 10 citations
- FakeWorld 1.0: An Omni-modal Benchmark for Fake Media and ContentYifeng Gao, Yifan Ding, Li Wang, Feida Huang et al.ICML 2026
- When Understanding Becomes a Risk: Authenticity and Safety Risks in the Emerging Image Generation ParadigmYe Leng, Junjie Chu, Mingjie Li, Chenhao Lin et al.CVPR 2026 · 3 citations
