HiBug2: Efficient and Interpretable Error Slice Discovery for Comprehensive Model Debugging

Despite the significant success of deep learning models in computer vision, they often exhibit systematic failures on specific data subsets, known as error slices. Identifying and mitigating these error slices is crucial to enhancing model robustness and reliability in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we introduce HiBug2, an automated framework for error slice discovery and model repair. HiBug2 first generates task-specific visual attributes to highlight instances prone to errors through an interpretable and structured process. It then employs an efficient slice enumeration algorithm to systematically identify error slices, overcoming the combinatorial challenges that arise during slice exploration. Additionally, HiBug2 extends its capabilities by predicting error slices beyond the validation set, addressing a key limitation of prior approaches. Extensive experiments across multiple domains -including image classification, pose estimation, and object detectionshow that HiBug2 not only improves the coherence and precision of identified error slices but also significantly enhances the model repair capabilities. Our code is available at https://github.com/cure-lab/HiBug2 .