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EMNLP2024Top-tier venue

To Preserve or To Compress: An In-Depth Study of Connector Selection in Multimodal Large Language Models

Junyan Lin, Haoran Chen, Dawei Zhu, Xiaoyu Shen

Abstract

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention from both industry and academia. However, there is still considerable debate on constructing MLLM architectures, particularly regarding the selection of appropriate connectors for perception tasks of varying granularities. This paper systematically investigates the impact of connectors on MLLM performance. Specifically, we classify connectors into feature-preserving and featurecompressing types. Utilizing a unified classification standard, we categorize sub-tasks from three comprehensive benchmarks, MM-Bench, MME, and SEED-Bench, into three task types: coarse-grained perception, fine-grained perception, and reasoning, and evaluate the performance. Our findings reveal that featurepreserving connectors excel in fine-grained perception tasks due to their ability to retain detailed visual information. In contrast, featurecompressing connectors, while less effective in fine-grained perception tasks, offer significant speed advantages and perform comparably in coarse-grained perception and reasoning tasks. These insights are crucial for guiding MLLM architecture design and advancing the optimization of MLLM architectures.

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Cited by top-tier papers4

  1. HiDrop: Hierarchical Vision Token Reduction in MLLMs via Late Injection, Concave Pyramid Pruning, and Early ExitHao Wu, Yingqi Fan, Dai Jinyang, Junlong Tong et al.ICLR 2026 · 21 citations
  2. VisiPruner: Decoding Discontinuous Cross-Modal Dynamics for Efficient Multimodal LLMsYingqi Fan, Anhao Zhao, Jinlan Fu, Junlong Tong et al.EMNLP 2025 · 11 citations
  3. What Do Visual Tokens Really Encode? Uncovering Sparsity and Redundancy in Multimodal Large Language ModelsYingqi Fan, Junlong Tong, Anhao Zhao, Xiaoyu ShenCVPR 2026 · 6 citations
  4. Multimodal Language Models See Better When They Look ShallowerHaoran Chen, Junyan Lin, Xinghao Chen, Yue Fan et al.EMNLP 2025

Builds on17

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
  3. An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
  4. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  5. Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 6,707 citations

Related papers

  1. Q-MoE: Connector for MLLMs with Text-Driven RoutingHanzi Wang, Jiamin Ren, Yifeng Ding, Lei Ren et al.ACM MM 2024 · 1 citation
  2. DenseMLLM: Standard Multimodal LLMs for Dense PredictionYi Li, Hongze Shen, Lexiang Tang, Xin Li et al.ICML 2026
  3. Dense Connector for MLLMsHuanjin Yao, Wenhao Wu, Taojiannan Yang, Yuxin Song et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 65 citations
  4. Exploring How Generative MLLMs Perceive More Than CLIP with the Same Vision EncoderSiting Li, Pang Wei Koh, Simon Shaolei DuACL 2025
  5. Beyond Accuracy: An Empirical Study of Perception Stability in Multimodal Large Language ModelsFeng Chen, Chenhui Gou, Yefei He, Yang Yang, Bohan Zhuang, Qi WuCVPR Findings 2026
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