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EMNLP Findings2025

Evolution in Simulation: AI-Agent School with Dual Memory for High-Fidelity Educational Dynamics

Sheng Jin, Haoming Wang, Zhiqi Gao, Yongbo Yang, Bao Chunjia, Chengliang Wang

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) based Agents are increasingly pivotal in simulating and understanding complex human systems and interactions. We propose the AI-Agent School (AAS) system, built around a self-evolving mechanism that leverages agents for simulating complex educational dynamics. Addressing the fragmented issues in teaching process modeling and the limitations of agents performance in simulating diverse educational participants, AAS constructs the Zero-Exp strategy, employs a continuous "experience-reflectionoptimization" cycle, grounded in a dual memory base comprising experience and knowledge bases and incorporating short-term and long-term memory components. Through this mechanism, agents autonomously evolve via situated interactions within diverse simulated school scenarios. This evolution enables agents to more accurately model the nuanced, multifaceted teacher-student engagements and underlying learning processes found in physical schools. Experiment confirms that AAS can effectively simulate intricate educational dynamics and is effective in fostering advanced agent cognitive abilities, providing a foundational stepping stone from the "Era of Experience" to the "Era of Simulation" by generating high-fidelity behavioral and interaction data.

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Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. When Personalization Legitimizes Risks: Uncovering Safety Vulnerabilities in Personalized Dialogue AgentsJiahe Guo, Xiangran Guo, Yulin Hu, Zimo Long et al.ACL 2026 · 5 citations
  2. Seeing the Whole Elephant: A Benchmark for Failure Attribution in LLM-based Multi-Agent SystemsMengzhuo Chen, Junjie Wang, Fangwen Mu, Yawen Wang et al.ACL 2026 · 5 citations

Builds on6

  1. Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human BehaviorJoon Sung Park, Joseph C. O'Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris et al.UIST 2023 · 1,882 citations
  2. ExpeL: LLM Agents Are Experiential LearnersAndrew Zhao, Daniel Huang, Quentin Xu, Matthieu Lin et al.AAAI 2024 · 484 citations
  3. Teach AI How to Code: Using Large Language Models as Teachable Agents for Programming EducationHyoungwook Jin, Seonghee Lee, Hyungyu Shin, Juho KimCHI 2024 · 94 citations
  4. Editable Scene Simulation for Autonomous Driving via Collaborative LLM-AgentsYuxi Wei, Zi Wang, Yifan Lu, Chenxin Xu et al.CVPR 2024 · 55 citations
  5. PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMsVinay Samuel, Henry Peng Zou, Yue Zhou, Shreyas Chaudhari et al.EMNLP Findings 2025 · 11 citations

Related papers

  1. Agent-Pro: Learning to Evolve via Policy-Level Reflection and OptimizationWenqi Zhang, Ke Tang, Hai Wu, Mengna Wang et al.ACL 2024
  2. From Storage to Experience: A Survey on the Evolution of LLM Agent Memory MechanismsJinghao Luo, Yuchen Tian, Chuxue Cao, Ziyang Luo et al.ACL Findings 2026 · 3 citations
  3. Investigating Pedagogical Teacher and Student LLM Agents: Genetic Adaptation Meets Retrieval-Augmented Generation Across Learning StylesDebdeep Sanyal, Agniva Maiti, Umakanta Maharana, Dhruv Kumar et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
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