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EMNLP Findings2025

TabDSR: Decompose, Sanitize, and Reason for Complex Numerical Reasoning in Tabular Data

Changjiang Jiang, Fengchang Yu, Haihua Chen, Wei Lu, Jin Zeng

Abstract

Complex reasoning over tabular data is crucial in real-world data analysis, yet large language models (LLMs) often underperform due to complex queries, noisy data, and limited numerical capabilities.To address these issues, we propose TABDSR, a framework consisting of: (1) a query decomposer that breaks down complex questions, (2) a table sanitizer that cleans and filters noisy tables, and (3) a program-of-thoughts (PoT)-based reasoner that generates executable code to derive the final answer from the sanitized table.To ensure unbiased evaluation and mitigate data leakage, we introduce a new dataset, CalTab151, specifically designed for complex numerical reasoning over tables.Experimental results demonstrate that TABDSR consistently outperforms existing methods, achieving state-of-theart (SOTA) performance with 8.79%, 6.08%, and 19.87% accuracy improvement on TAT-QA, TableBench, and TABDSR, respectively.Moreover, our framework integrates seamlessly with mainstream LLMs, providing a robust solution for complex tabular numerical reasoning.These findings highlight the effectiveness of our framework in enhancing LLM performance for complex tabular numerical reasoning.Data and code are available upon request. Chain-of-Thought (CoT)Type Error: Could not convert string "1.24(approx)", "3.71(estimated)" to numeric.Key Error: '2013 general'.Multi-level header result in errors in program column name recognition.Calculation Error: A computational error occurred during the reasoning process.Answer Error: Only Sub-question 1 has been answered, without addressing Subquestion 2.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. Table Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Tasks, Methods, and EvaluationWei Zhou, Bolei Ma, Annemarie Friedrich, Mohsen MesgarACL 2026 · 3 citations

Builds on16

  1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  2. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou et al.ICLR 2021 · 7,905 citations
  3. TAPEX: Table Pre-training via Learning a Neural SQL ExecutorQian Liu, Bei Chen, Jiaqi Guo, Morteza Ziyadi et al.ICLR 2022 · 347 citations
  4. Chain-of-Table: Evolving Tables in the Reasoning Chain for Table UnderstandingZilong Wang, Hao Zhang, Chun-Liang Li, Julian Martin Eisenschlos et al.ICLR 2024 · 244 citations
  5. TableBench: A Comprehensive and Complex Benchmark for Table Question AnsweringXianjie Wu, Jian Yang, Linzheng Chai, Ge Zhang et al.AAAI 2025 · 138 citations

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  1. TABARD: A Novel Benchmark for Tabular Anomaly Analysis, Reasoning and DetectionManan Roy Choudhury, Anirudh Iyengar Kaniyar Narayana Iyengar, Shikhhar Siingh, Sugeeth Puranam et al.EMNLP Findings 2025
  2. Evaluating LLMs' Mathematical Reasoning in Financial Document Question AnsweringPragya Srivastava, Manuj Malik, Vivek Gupta, Tanuja Ganu et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 27 citations
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