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ACL2023Top-tier venue

Question-Answering in a Low-resourced Language: Benchmark Dataset and Models for Tigrinya

Fitsum Gaim, Wonsuk Yang, Hancheol Park, Jong Park

Abstract

Question-Answering (QA) has seen significant advances recently, achieving near human-level performance over some benchmarks. However, these advances focus on high-resourced languages such as English, while the task remains unexplored for most other languages, mainly due to the lack of annotated datasets. This work presents a native QA dataset for an East African language, Tigrinya. The dataset contains 10.6K question-answer pairs spanning 572 paragraphs extracted from 290 news articles on various topics. The dataset construction method is discussed, which is applicable to constructing similar resources for related languages. We present comprehensive experiments and analyses of several resource-efficient approaches to QA, including monolingual, cross-lingual, and multilingual setups, along with comparisons against machine-translated silver data. Our strong baseline models reach 76% in the F1 score, while the estimated human performance is 92%, indicating that the benchmark presents a good challenge for future work. We make the dataset, models, and leaderboard publicly available. 1

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Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. mmBERT: A Modern Multilingual Encoder with Annealed Language LearningMarc Marone, Orion Weller, William Fleshman, Eugene Yang et al.ICML 2026 · 49 citations
  2. The Zeno's Paradox of 'Low-Resource' LanguagesHellina Hailu Nigatu, Atnafu Lambebo Tonja, Benjamin Rosman, Thamar Solorio et al.EMNLP 2024 · 10 citations

Builds on6

  1. XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual GeneralisationJunjie Hu, Sebastian Ruder, Aditya Siddhant, Graham Neubig et al.ICML 2020 · 1,132 citations
  2. Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at ScaleAlexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary et al.ACL 2020 · 539 citations
  3. FQuAD: French Question Answering DatasetMartin d'Hoffschmidt, Wacim Belblidia, Quentin Heinrich, Tom Brendlé et al.EMNLP Findings 2020 · 65 citations
  4. On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual RepresentationsMikel Artetxe, Sebastian Ruder, Dani YogatamaACL 2020 · 57 citations
  5. MLQA: Evaluating Cross-lingual Extractive Question AnsweringPatrick Lewis, Barlas Oguz, Ruty Rinott, Sebastian Riedel et al.ACL 2020 · 52 citations

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