EMNLP Findings2023
Harnessing the Power of Large Language Models for Empathetic Response Generation: Empirical Investigations and Improvements
Yushan Qian, Weinan Zhang, Ting Liu
Abstract
Empathetic dialogue is an indispensable part of building harmonious social relationships and contributes to the development of a helpful AI. Previous approaches are mainly based on fine small-scale language models. With the advent of ChatGPT, the application effect of large language models (LLMs) in this field has attracted great attention. This work empirically investigates the performance of LLMs in generating empathetic responses and proposes three improvement methods of semantically similar incontext learning, two-stage interactive generation, and combination with the knowledge base. Extensive experiments show that LLMs can significantly benefit from our proposed methods and is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in both automatic and human evaluations. Additionally, we explore the possibility of GPT-4 simulating human evaluators.
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Cited by top-tier papers8
- The Illusion of Empathy: How AI Chatbots Shape Conversation PerceptionTingting Liu, Salvatore Giorgi, Ankit Aich, Allison Lahnala et al.AAAI 2025 · 31 citations
- ReflectDiffu: Reflect between Emotion-intent Contagion and Mimicry for Empathetic Response Generation via a RL-Diffusion FrameworkJiahao Yuan, Zixiang Di, Zhiqing Cui, Guisong Yang et al.ACL 2025 · 6 citations
- Grounded in Reality: Learning and Deploying Proactive LLM from Offline LogsFei Wei, Daoyuan Chen, Ce Wang, Yilun Huang et al.ICML 2026 · 2 citations
- F²RL: Factuality and Faithfulness Reinforcement Learning Framework for Claim-Guided Evidence-Supported Counterspeech GenerationHaiyang Wang, Yuchen Pan, Xin Song, Xuechen Zhao et al.EMNLP 2024 · 1 citation
- The Pursuit of Empathy: Evaluating Small Language Models for PTSD Dialogue SupportSuhas BN, Yash Mahajan, Dominik Mattioli, Andrew M. Sherrill et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
Builds on19
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- (Comet-) Atomic 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge GraphsJena D. Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, Jeff Da et al.AAAI 2021 · 458 citations
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