Lune

EMNLP Findings2025

M-Ped: Multi-Prompt Ensemble Decoding for Large Language Models

Jiaxin Guo, Daimeng Wei, Yuanchang Luo, Hengchao Shang, Zongyao Li, Jinlong Yang, Zhanglin Wu, Zhiqiang Rao, Shimin Tao, Hao Yang

Abstract

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), enhancing their performance has become a research hotspot. This paper presents a novel multi-prompt ensemble decoding approach designed to bolster the generation quality of LLMs by leveraging the aggregation of outcomes from multiple prompts. Given a unique input X, we submit n variations of prompts with X to LLMs in batch mode to decode and derive probability distributions. For each token prediction, we calculate the ensemble probability by averaging the n probability distributions within the batch, utilizing this aggregated probability to generate the token. This technique is dubbed Inner-Batch Ensemble. To facilitate efficient batch inference, we implement a Left-Padding strategy to maintain uniform input lengths across the n prompts. Through extensive experimentation on diverse NLP tasks, including code generation, text simplification and machine translation, we demonstrate the efficacy of our method in enhancing LLM performance. The results show substantial improvements in pass@k rates, LENS metrics and BLEU scores over conventional methods.

Ask Lune

Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.

Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.

Questions to start from

Lune answers from

the full paper · 2 top-tier papers that cite it · related work

Get the answer

Free to start. No credit card required.

Cited by top-tier papers2

  1. Think in Parallel, Answer as One: Logit Averaging for Open-Ended ReasoningHaonan Wang, Chao Du, Kenji Kawaguchi, Tianyu PangICLR 2026 · 4 citations
  2. Just Pass Twice: Efficient Token Classification with LLMs for Zero-Shot NERAhmed Ewais, Ahmed Hashish, Amr AliACL 2026

Builds on8

  1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  2. Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language ModelsXuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc V. Le et al.ICLR 2023 · 681 citations
  3. Differentiable Top-k with Optimal TransportYujia Xie, Hanjun Dai, Minshuo Chen, Bo Dai et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 124 citations
  4. Closing the Curious Case of Neural Text DegenerationMatthew Finlayson, John Hewitt, Alexander Koller, Swabha Swayamdipta et al.ICLR 2024 · 31 citations
  5. LENS: A Learnable Evaluation Metric for Text SimplificationMounica Maddela, Yao Dou, David Heineman, Wei XuACL 2023 · 21 citations

Related papers

  1. Improving Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding with Multi-PromptDavid Heineman, Yao Dou, Wei XuEMNLP 2024 · 1 citation
  2. BatchPrompt: Accomplish more with lessJianzhe Lin, Maurice Diesendruck, Liang Du, Robin AbrahamICLR 2024 · 17 citations
  3. Large Language Models Might Not Care What You Are Saying: Prompt Format Beats DescriptionsChenming Tang, Zhixiang Wang, Hao Sun, Yunfang WuEMNLP Findings 2025 · 2 citations
  4. An Empirical Study of Translation Hypothesis Ensembling with Large Language ModelsAntónio Farinhas, José Guilherme Camargo de Souza, André F. T. MartinsEMNLP 2023 · 4 citations
  5. Monotonic Paraphrasing Improves Generalization of Language Model PromptingQin Liu, Fei Wang, Nan Xu, Tianyi Yan et al.EMNLP Findings 2024 · 4 citations
Dusk over the sea between two cliffs drawn in fine vertical lines