CAM: A Constructivist View of Agentic Memory for LLM-Based Reading Comprehension
Rui Li, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaohe Bo, Zihang Tian, Xu Chen, Quanyu Dai, Zhenhua Dong, Ruiming Tang
Abstract
Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are confronted with overwhelming information volume when comprehending long-form documents. This challenge raises the imperative of a cohesive memory module, which can elevate vanilla LLMs into autonomous reading agents. Despite the emergence of some heuristic approaches, a systematic design principle remains absent. To fill this void, we draw inspiration from Jean Piaget's Constructivist Theory, illuminating three traits of the agentic memory -- structured schemata, flexible assimilation, and dynamic accommodation. This blueprint forges a clear path toward a more robust and efficient memory system for LLM-based reading comprehension. To this end, we develop CAM, a prototype implementation of Constructivist Agentic Memory that simultaneously embodies the structurality, flexibility, and dynamicity. At its core, CAM is endowed with an incremental overlapping clustering algorithm for structured memory development, supporting both coherent hierarchical summarization and online batch integration. During inference, CAM adaptively explores the memory structure to activate query-relevant information for contextual response, akin to the human associative process. Compared to existing approaches, our design demonstrates dual advantages in both performance and efficiency across diverse long-text reading comprehension tasks, including question answering, query-based summarization, and claim verification.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 6d8367c2-40f9-4cfa-9b18-014c1961581bCited by top-tier papers5
- What Deserves Memory: Adaptive Memory Distillation for LLM AgentsWenquan Ma, Jiayan Nan, Wenlong WuACL 2026 · 32 citations
- Does Memory Need Graphs? A Unified Framework and Empirical Analysis for Long-Term Dialog MemorySen Hu, Yuxiang Wei, Jiaxin Ran, Xueran Han et al.ACL 2026 · 6 citations
- HGMem: Hypergraph-based Working Memory to Improve Multi-step RAG for Long-Context Complex Relational ModelingChulun Zhou, Chunkang Zhang, Guoxin Yu, Fandong Meng et al.ICML 2026 · 4 citations
- RGMem: Renormalization Group–inspired Memory Evolution for Language AgentsAo Tian, Yunfeng Lu, Xinxin Fan, Changhao Wang et al.ICML 2026 · 2 citations
- Token-Free Hierarchical Indexing for RAG beyond LLM-based SummarizationYifan Wei, Dan Yuan, Xiaoyan Yu, Angsheng LiICML 2026
Builds on19
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
- Big Bird: Transformers for Longer SequencesManzil Zaheer, Guru Guruganesh, Kumar Avinava Dubey, Joshua Ainslie et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 3,159 citations
- Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human BehaviorJoon Sung Park, Joseph C. O'Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris et al.UIST 2023 · 1,882 citations
- Large Language Models Can Be Easily Distracted by Irrelevant ContextFreda Shi, Xinyun Chen, Kanishka Misra, Nathan Scales et al.ICML 2023 · 970 citations
Related papers
- A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long ContextsKuang-Huei Lee, Xinyun Chen, Hiroki Furuta, John F. Canny et al.ICML 2024 · 106 citations
- DocAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Modal Long-Context Document UnderstandingLi Sun, Liu He, Shuyue Jia, Yangfan He et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation
- GAM: Hierarchical Graph-based Agentic Memory for LLM AgentsZhaofen Wu, Hanrong Zhang, Fulin Lin, Wujiang Xu et al.ACL 2026 · 8 citations
- When Does Divide and Conquer Work for Long Context LLM? A Noise Decomposition FrameworkZach Xu, Shang Zhu, Jue Wang, Junlin Wang et al.ICLR 2026 · 9 citations
- Agentic Memory: Learning Unified Long-Term and Short-Term Memory Management for Large Language Model AgentsYi Yu, Liuyi Yao, Yuexiang Xie, Qingquan Tan et al.ACL 2026 · 40 citations
