RepEval: Effective Text Evaluation with LLM Representation
Shuqian Sheng, Yi Xu, Tianhang Zhang, Zanwei Shen, Luoyi Fu, Jiaxin Ding, Lei Zhou, Xiaoying Gan, Xinbing Wang, Chenghu Zhou
Abstract
The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text evaluation are often tailored to specific scenarios, while LLM-based evaluation metrics are costly, requiring fine-tuning or rely heavily on the generation capabilities of LLMs. Besides, previous LLM-based metrics ignore the fact that, within the space of LLM representations, there exist direction vectors that indicate the estimation of text quality. To this end, we introduce RepEval, a metric that leverages the projection of LLM representations for evaluation. Through simple prompt modifications, RepEval can easily transition to various tasks, requiring only minimal sample pairs for direction vector construction. Results on fourteen datasets across two evaluation tasks demonstrate the high effectiveness of our method, which exhibits a higher correlation with human judgments than previous methods, even in complex evaluation scenarios involving pair-wise selection under nuanced aspects. Our work underscores the richness of information regarding text quality embedded within LLM representations, offering insights for the development of new metrics. 1 *
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 6802fafc-6ce1-46b0-b244-75ab9415d401Cited by top-tier papers2
- Does Math Reasoning Improve General LLM Capabilities? Understanding Transferability of LLM ReasoningMaggie Ziyu Huan, Yuetai Li, Tuney Zheng, Xiaoyu Xu et al.ICML 2026 · 102 citations
- Cross-model Transferability among Large Language Models on the Platonic Representations of ConceptsYoucheng Huang, Chen Huang, Duanyu Feng, Wenqiang Lei et al.ACL 2025
Builds on11
- BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
- Deberta: decoding-Enhanced Bert with Disentangled AttentionPengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2021 · 3,729 citations
- BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text GenerationWeizhe Yuan, Graham Neubig, Pengfei LiuNeurIPS 2021 · 1,143 citations
- Asking and Answering Questions to Evaluate the Factual Consistency of SummariesAlex Wang, Kyunghyun Cho, Mike LewisACL 2020 · 317 citations
- Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?David Cheng-Han Chiang, Hung-yi LeeACL 2023 · 254 citations
Related papers
- RevisEval: Improving LLM-as-a-Judge via Response-Adapted ReferencesQiyuan Zhang, Yufei Wang, Tiezheng Yu, Yuxin Jiang et al.ICLR 2025
- G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using Gpt-4 with Better Human AlignmentYang Liu, Dan Iter, Yichong Xu, Shuohang Wang et al.EMNLP 2023 · 549 citations
- Auto-PRE: An Automatic and Cost-Efficient Peer-Review Framework for Language Generation EvaluationJunjie Chen, Weihang Su, Zhumin Chu, Haitao Li et al.AAAI 2026
- BatchEval: Towards Human-like Text EvaluationPeiwen Yuan, Shaoxiong Feng, Yiwei Li, Xinglin Wang et al.ACL 2024
- FineSurE: Fine-grained Summarization Evaluation using LLMsHwanjun Song, Hang Su, Igor Shalyminov, Jason Cai et al.ACL 2024
