Learning to Rewrite: Generalized LLM-Generated Text Detection
Wei Hao, Ran Li, Weiliang Zhao, Junfeng Yang, Chengzhi Mao
Abstract
Detecting text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in open-world settings. We introduce Learning2Rewrite, a novel framework to detect LLM-generated text with exceptional generalization to unseen domains. Capitalized on the finding that LLMs inherently modify LLM-generated content less than human-written text when rewriting, we train an LLM to amplify this disparity, yielding a more distinguishable and generalizable edit distance across diverse text distributions. Extensive experiments on data from 21 independent domains and four major LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Gemini, and Llama-3) demonstrate that our detector outperforms state-of-the-art detection methods by up to 23.04% in AU-ROC for in-distribution tests, 35.10% for outof-distribution tests, and 48.66% under adversarial attacks. Our unique training objective ensures better generalizability compared to directly training for classification, even when leveraging the same amount of tunable parameters. Our findings suggest that reinforcing LLMs' inherent rewriting tendencies offers a robust and scalable solution for detecting LLMgenerated text.
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Learn-to-Distance: Distance Learning for Detecting LLM-Generated TextHongyi Zhou, Jin Zhu, Kai Ye, Ying Yang et al.ICLR 2026 · 10 citations
- Measuring Human Contribution in AI-Assisted Content GenerationYueqi Xie, Tao Qi, Jingwei Yi, Xiyuan Yang et al.ACL 2026 · 3 citations
- On the Salience of Low-Probability Tokens for AI-Generated Text Detection: A Multiscale Uncertainty PerspectiveYikai Guo, Bin Wang, Xilai Fan, Wenjun Ke et al.ICML 2026
Builds on11
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 10,924 citations
- QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMsTim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke ZettlemoyerNeurIPS 2023 · 5,863 citations
- DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability CurvatureEric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D. Manning et al.ICML 2023 · 988 citations
- Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defenseKalpesh Krishna, Yixiao Song, Marzena Karpinska, John Wieting et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 657 citations
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