EMNLP Findings2025
LNE-Blocking: An Efficient Framework for Contamination Mitigation Evaluation on Large Language Models
Ruijie Hou, Jiao Yueyang, Hanxu Hu, Yingming Li, Wai Lam, Huajian Zhang, Hongyuan Lu
Abstract
The problem of data contamination is now almost inevitable during the development of large language models (LLMs), with the training data commonly integrating those evaluation benchmarks even unintentionally. This problem subsequently makes it hard to benchmark LLMs fairly. Instead of constructing contaminationfree datasets (quite hard), we propose a novel framework, LNE-Blocking, to restore model performance prior to contamination on potentially leaked datasets. Our framework consists of two components: contamination detection and disruption operation. For the prompt, the framework first uses the contamination detection method, LNE, to assess the extent of contamination in the model. Based on this, it adjusts the intensity of the disruption operation, Blocking, to elicit non-memorized responses from the model. Our framework is the first to efficiently restore the model's greedy decoding performance. This comes with a strong performance on multiple datasets with potential leakage risks, and it consistently achieves stable recovery results across different models and varying levels of data contamination. We release the code at https://github.com/ RuijieH/LNE-Blocking to facilitate research.
Ask Lune
Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.
Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.
Lune answers from
the full paper · 1 top-tier paper that cites it · related work
Free to start. No credit card required.
Cited by top-tier papers1
Builds on16
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language ModelsWeijia Shi, Anirudh Ajith, Mengzhou Xia, Yangsibo Huang et al.ICLR 2024 · 365 citations
- Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Without PromptingXuezhi Wang, Denny ZhouNeurIPS 2024 · 305 citations
- Privacy Risks of General-Purpose Language ModelsXudong Pan, Mi Zhang, Shouling Ji, Min YangS&P 2020 · 291 citations
Related papers
- Inference-Time Decontamination: Reusing Leaked Benchmarks for Large Language Model EvaluationQin Zhu, Qinyuan Cheng, Runyu Peng, Xiaonan Li et al.EMNLP Findings 2024 · 3 citations
- When Benchmarks Leak: Inference-Time Decontamination for LLMsJianzhe Chai, Zhe Yu, Jun SakumaACL 2026 · 3 citations
- DCR: Quantifying Data Contamination in LLMs EvaluationCheng Xu, Nan Yan, Shuhao Guan, Changhong Jin et al.EMNLP 2025 · 7 citations
- NLP Evaluation in trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for each BenchmarkOscar Sainz, Jon Ander Campos, Iker García-Ferrero, Julen Etxaniz et al.EMNLP Findings 2023 · 85 citations
- Training on the Benchmark Is Not All You NeedShiwen Ni, Xiangtao Kong, Chengming Li, Xiping Hu et al.AAAI 2025 · 24 citations
