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ACL Findings2024

PUB: A Pragmatics Understanding Benchmark for Assessing LLMs' Pragmatics Capabilities

Settaluri Lakshmi Sravanthi, Meet Doshi, Pavan Tankala, V. Rudra Murthy, Raj Dabre, Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Abstract

LLMs have demonstrated remarkable capability for understanding semantics, but their understanding of pragmatics is not well studied. To this end, we release a Pragmatics Understanding Benchmark (PUB) dataset consisting of fourteen tasks in four pragmatics phenomena, namely, Implicature, Presupposition, Reference, and Deixis. We curate high-quality test sets for each task, consisting of Multiple Choice Question Answers (MCQA). PUB includes a total of 28k data points, 6.1k are newly annotated. We evaluate nine models varying in the number of parameters and type of training. Our study reveals several key observations about the pragmatic capabilities of LLMs: 1. chat-fine-tuning strongly benefits smaller models, 2. large base models are competitive with their chat-fine-tuned counterparts, 3. there is a huge variance in performance across different pragmatics phenomena, and 4. a noticeable performance gap between human capabilities and model capabilities. We hope that PUB will enable comprehensive evaluation of LLM's pragmatic reasoning capabilities.

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Cited by top-tier papers15

  1. Pragmatics in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey on Datasets, Evaluation, Opportunities and ChallengesBolei Ma, Yuting Li, Wei Zhou, Ziwei Gong et al.ACL 2025 · 28 citations
  2. KRISTEVA: Close Reading as a Novel Task for Benchmarking Interpretive ReasoningPeiqi Sui, Juan Diego Rodriguez, Philippe Laban, Dean Murphy et al.ACL 2025 · 6 citations
  3. Rethinking Pragmatics in Large Language Models: Towards Open-Ended Evaluation and Preference TuningShengguang Wu, Shusheng Yang, Zhenglun Chen, Qi SuEMNLP 2024 · 2 citations
  4. (RSA)²: A Rhetorical-Strategy-Aware Rational Speech Act Framework for Figurative Language UnderstandingCesare Spinoso Di Piano, David Eric Austin, Pablo Piantanida, Jackie CK CheungACL 2025 · 1 citation
  5. On Emergent Social World Models - Evidence for Functional Integration of Theory of Mind and Pragmatic Reasoning in Language ModelsPolina Tsvilodub, Jan-Felix Klumpp, Amir Pour, Jennifer Hu et al.ACL 2026 · 1 citation

Builds on6

  1. Super-NaturalInstructions: Generalization via Declarative Instructions on 1600+ NLP TasksYizhong Wang, Swaroop Mishra, Pegah Alipoormolabashi, Yeganeh Kordi et al.EMNLP 2022 · 238 citations
  2. A fine-grained comparison of pragmatic language understanding in humans and language modelsJennifer Hu, Sammy Floyd, Olessia Jouravlev, Evelina Fedorenko et al.ACL 2023 · 45 citations
  3. PragmatiCQA: A Dataset for Pragmatic Question Answering in ConversationsPeng Qi, Nina Du, Christopher D. Manning, Jing HuangACL Findings 2023 · 2 citations
  4. Are Natural Language Inference Models IMPPRESsive? Learning IMPlicature and PRESuppositionPaloma Jeretic, Alex Warstadt, Suvrat Bhooshan, Adina WilliamsACL 2020 · 2 citations
  5. Investigating the Effect of Pre-finetuning BERT Models on NLI Involving PresuppositionsJad Kabbara, Jackie Chi Kit CheungEMNLP Findings 2023 · 1 citation

Related papers

  1. Understand the Implication: Learning to Think for Pragmatic UnderstandingSettaluri Lakshmi Sravanthi, Kishan Maharaj, Sravani Gunnu, Abhijit Mishra et al.ACL Findings 2025
  2. The Goldilocks of Pragmatic Understanding: Fine-Tuning Strategy Matters for Implicature Resolution by LLMsLaura Ruis, Akbir Khan, Stella Biderman, Sara Hooker et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 87 citations
  3. DRInQ: Evaluating Conversational Implicature with Controlled Context VariationHirona Jacqueline Arai, Xiang RenACL 2026
  4. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Establishing Conversational GroundingBiswesh Mohapatra, Manav Nitin Kapadnis, Laurent Romary, Justine CassellEMNLP 2024 · 1 citation
  5. The Skipped Beat: A Study of Sociopragmatic Understanding in LLMs for 64 LanguagesChiyu Zhang, Khai Duy Doan, Qisheng Liao, Muhammad Abdul-MageedEMNLP 2023
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