UWB-enabled Sensing for Fast and Effortless Blood Pressure Monitoring

Blood Pressure (BP) is a critical vital sign to assess cardiovascular health. However, existing cuff-based and wearable-based BP measurement methods require direct contact between the user's skin and the device, resulting in poor user experience and limited engagement for regular daily monitoring of BP. In this paper, we propose a contactless approach using Ultra-WideBand (UWB) signals for regular daily BP monitoring. To remove components of the received signals that are not related to the pulse waves, we propose two methods that utilize peak detection and principal component analysis to identify aliased and deformed parts. Furthermore, to extract BP-related features and improve the accuracy of BP prediction, particularly for hypertensive users, we construct a deep learning model that extracts features of pulse waves at different scales and identifies the different effects of features on BP. We build the corresponding BP monitoring system named RF-BP and conduct extensive experiments on both a public dataset and a self-built dataset. The experimental results show that RF-BP can accurately predict the BP of users and provide alerts for users with hypertension. Over the self-built dataset, the mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation (SD) for SBP are 6.5 mmHg and 6.1 mmHg, and the MAE and SD for DBP are 4.7 mmHg and 4.9 mmHg.