Grand Challenges around Designing Computers' Control Over Our Bodies

Figure 1: Example interfaces that take control over our bodies via (A) guiding motor actions [134], (B) automatic calibration of high-density electrical muscle stimulation [75], (C) itching sensations [126], (D) proprioceptive feedback [139], (E) tickling sensations [37], (F) electrical muscle stimulation for gameplay [121], (G) shape displays providing encounter haptics [140], (H) pneumatic bodily extensions [130], (I) surrendering a sense of balance [21], (J) visualization of robot motion intent [54], (K) inhibited movement [125], galvanic vestibular stimulation [95], (L) compression feedback [125], (M) multitasking through computer-controlled muscle stimulation [108], (N) allergy-like electrical muscle stimulations based on WiFi signals [90], (O) wearable robotic limbs [129], (P) eBikes [5], (Q) utilizing physiology to identify anxiety when control is given away, (R) force feedback gloves.