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EMNLP Findings2024

Improving Factual Consistency of News Summarization by Contrastive Preference Optimization

Huawen Feng, Yan Fan, Xiong Liu, Ting-En Lin, Zekun Yao, Yuchuan Wu, Fei Huang, Yongbin Li, Qianli Ma

Abstract

Despite the recent progress in news summarization made by large language models (LLMs), they often generate summaries that are factually inconsistent with original articles, known as "hallucinations" in text generation. Unlike previous small models (e.g., BART, T5), current LLMs make fewer silly mistakes but more sophisticated ones, such as imposing cause and effect, adding false details, overgeneralizing, etc. These hallucinations are challenging to detect through traditional methods, which poses great challenges for improving the factual consistency of text summarization. In this paper, we propose Contrastive Preference Optimization (CPO) to disentangle the LLMs' propensities to generate faithful and fake content. Furthermore, we adopt a probing-based specific training method to improve their capacity of distinguishing two types of propensities. In this way, LLMs can execute the instructions more accurately and have enhanced perception of hallucinations. Experimental results show that CPO significantly improves the reliability of summarization based on LLMs. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/201736621051/CPO.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. SARA: Salience-Aware Reinforced Adaptive Decoding for Large Language Models in Abstractive SummarizationNayu Liu, Junnan Zhu, Yiming Ma, Zhicong Lu et al.ACL 2025 · 7 citations

Builds on29

  1. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  2. Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 10,924 citations
  3. Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPTKevin Meng, David Bau, Alex Andonian, Yonatan BelinkovNeurIPS 2022 · 3,415 citations
  4. TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human FalsehoodsStephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, Owain EvansACL 2022 · 3,228 citations
  5. PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive SummarizationJingqing Zhang, Yao Zhao, Mohammad Saleh, Peter J. LiuICML 2020 · 2,453 citations

Related papers

  1. Evaluating the Factual Consistency of Large Language Models Through News SummarizationDerek Tam, Anisha Mascarenhas, Shiyue Zhang, Sarah Kwan et al.ACL Findings 2023 · 78 citations
  2. SCOPE: A Self-supervised Framework for Improving Faithfulness in Conditional Text GenerationSong Duong, Florian Le Bronnec, Alexandre Allauzen, Vincent Guigue et al.ICLR 2025
  3. FACT: Mitigating Inconsistent Hallucinations in LLMs via Fact-Driven Alternating Code-Text TrainingXinxin You, Qixin Sun, Chenwei Yan, Xiao Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2025
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