Founding Zero-Knowledge Proof of Training on Optimum Vicinity
Gefei Tan, Adrià Gascón, Sarah Meiklejohn, Mariana Raykova, Xiao Wang, Ning Luo
Abstract
Zero-knowledge proofs of training (zkPoT) allow a party to prove that a model is trained correctly on a committed dataset without revealing any additional information about the model or the dataset. Existing zkPoT protocols prove the entire training process in zero knowledge; i.e., they prove that the final model was obtained in an iterative fashion starting from the training data and a random seed (and potentially other parameters) and applying the correct algorithm at each iteration. This approach inherently requires the prover to perform work linear to the number of iterations.
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Cited by top-tier papers2
- Certification of Machine Learning Models via Directional SharpnessGefei Tan, Adrià Gascón, Sarah Meiklejohn, Mariana RaykovaUSENIX Security 2026
- DeepProve: Verifiable End-to-End Large Language Model InferenceNicolas Gailly, Ismael Hishon-Rezaizadeh, Tianyi Liu, Nicholas Mainardi et al.CCS 2026
Builds on22
- SecureML: A System for Scalable Privacy-Preserving Machine LearningPayman Mohassel, Yupeng ZhangS&P 2017 · 2,107 citations
- Bulletproofs: Short Proofs for Confidential Transactions and MoreBenedikt Bünz, Jonathan Bootle, Dan Boneh, Andrew Poelstra et al.S&P 2018 · 1,285 citations
- ABY3: A Mixed Protocol Framework for Machine LearningPayman Mohassel, Peter RindalCCS 2018 · 898 citations
- Marlin: Preprocessing zkSNARKs with Universal and Updatable SRSAlessandro Chiesa, Yuncong Hu, Mary Maller, Pratyush Mishra et al.EUROCRYPT 2020 · 356 citations
- Mystique: Efficient Conversions for Zero-Knowledge Proofs with Applications to Machine LearningChenkai Weng, Kang Yang, Xiang Xie, Jonathan Katz et al.USENIX Security 2021 · 161 citations
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