EMNLP2025

PLLuM-Align: Polish Preference Dataset for Large Language Model Alignment

Karolina Seweryn, Anna Kolos, Agnieszka Karlinska, Katarzyna Lorenc, Katarzyna Dziewulska, Maciej Chrabaszcz, Aleksandra Krasnodebska, Paula Betscher, Zofia Cieslinska, Katarzyna Kowol, Julia Moska, Dawid Motyka, Pawel Walkowiak, Bartosz Zuk, Arkadiusz Janz

Abstract

Alignment is the critical process of minimizing harmful outputs by teaching large language models (LLMs) to prefer safe, helpful and appropriate responses. While the majority of alignment research and datasets remain overwhelmingly English-centric, ensuring safety across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts requires localized resources. In this paper, we introduce the first Polish preference dataset PLLuM-Align, created entirely through human annotation to reflect Polish language and cultural nuances. The dataset includes response rating, ranking, and multi-turn dialog data. Designed to reflect the linguistic subtleties and cultural norms of Polish, this resource lays the groundwork for more aligned Polish LLMs and contributes to the broader goal of multilingual alignment in underrepresented languages.