"Image, Tell me your story!" Predicting the original meta-context of visual misinformation
Jonathan Tonglet, Marie-Francine Moens, Iryna Gurevych
Abstract
To assist human fact-checkers, researchers have developed automated approaches for visual misinformation detection. These methods assign veracity scores by identifying inconsistencies between the image and its caption, or by detecting forgeries in the image. However, they neglect a crucial point of the human factchecking process: identifying the original metacontext of the image. By explaining what is actually true about the image, fact-checkers can better detect misinformation, focus their efforts on check-worthy visual content, engage in counter-messaging before misinformation spreads widely, and make their explanation more convincing. Here, we fill this gap by introducing the task of automated image contextualization. We create 5Pils, a dataset of 1,676 fact-checked images with questionanswer pairs about their original meta-context. Annotations are based on the 5 Pillars factchecking framework. We implement a first baseline that grounds the image in its original meta-context using the content of the image and textual evidence retrieved from the open web. Our experiments show promising results while highlighting several open challenges in retrieval and reasoning. We make our code and data publicly available. 1
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers4
- HintsOfTruth: A Multimodal Checkworthiness Detection Dataset with Real and Synthetic ClaimsMichiel van der Meer, Pavel Korshunov, Sébastien Marcel, Lonneke van der PlasACL 2025 · 5 citations
- VeriTaS: The First Dynamic Benchmark for Multimodal Automated Fact-CheckingMark Rothermel, Marcus Kornmann, Marcus Rohrbach, Anna RohrbachACL 2026 · 4 citations
- GETReason: Enhancing Image Context Extraction through Hierarchical Multi-Agent ReasoningShikhhar Siingh, Abhinav Rawat, Chitta Baral, Vivek GuptaACL 2025 · 1 citation
- DEFAME: Dynamic Evidence-based FAct-checking with Multimodal ExpertsTobias Braun, Mark Rothermel, Marcus Rohrbach, Anna RohrbachICML 2025
Builds on17
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- Visual Instruction TuningHaotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, Yong Jae LeeNeurIPS 2023 · 11,349 citations
- Open-Domain, Content-based, Multi-modal Fact-checking of Out-of-Context Images via Online ResourcesSahar Abdelnabi, Rakibul Hasan, Mario FritzCVPR 2022 · 79 citations
- NewsCLIPpings: Automatic Generation of Out-of-Context Multimodal MediaGrace Luo, Trevor Darrell, Anna RohrbachEMNLP 2021 · 58 citations
Related papers
- MemeCap: A Dataset for Captioning and Interpreting MemesEunjeong Hwang, Vered ShwartzEMNLP 2023 · 14 citations
- FACTIFY-5WQA: 5W Aspect-based Fact Verification through Question AnsweringAnku Rani, S. M. Towhidul Islam Tonmoy, Dwip Dalal, Shreya Gautam et al.ACL 2023 · 16 citations
- Who's Waldo? Linking People Across Text and ImagesClaire Yuqing Cui, Apoorv Khandelwal, Yoav Artzi, Noah Snavely et al.ICCV 2021 · 21 citations
- LoCal: Logical and Causal Fact-Checking with LLM-Based Multi-AgentsJiatong Ma, Linmei Hu, Rang Li, Wenbo FuWWW 2025 · 31 citations
- Seeing Through Deception: Uncovering Misleading Creator Intent in Multimodal News with Vision-Language ModelsJiaying Wu, Fanxiao Li, Zihang Fu, Min-Yen Kan et al.ICLR 2026 · 9 citations
