Latent Space Translation via Semantic Alignment
Valentino Maiorca, Luca Moschella, Antonio Norelli, Marco Fumero, Francesco Locatello, Emanuele Rodolà
Abstract
While different neural models often exhibit latent spaces that are alike when exposed to semantically related data, this intrinsic similarity is not always immediately discernible. Towards a better understanding of this phenomenon, our work shows how representations learned from these neural modules can be translated between different pre-trained networks via simpler transformations than previously thought. An advantage of this approach is the ability to estimate these transformations using standard, well-understood algebraic procedures that have closed-form solutions. Our method directly estimates a transformation between two given latent spaces, thereby enabling effective stitching of encoders and decoders without additional training. We extensively validate the adaptability of this translation procedure in different experimental settings: across various trainings, domains, architectures (e.g., ResNet, CNN, ViT), and in multiple downstream tasks (classification, reconstruction). Notably, we show how it is possible to zero-shot stitch text encoders and vision decoders, or vice-versa, yielding surprisingly good classification performance in this multimodal setting.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext bcf7bdf8-6690-4cb6-af39-75171f41cfd1Cited by top-tier papers20
- Harnessing the Universal Geometry of EmbeddingsRishi D. Jha, Collin Zhang, Vitaly Shmatikov, John X. MorrisNeurIPS 2025 · 69 citations
- From Bricks to Bridges: Product of Invariances to Enhance Latent Space CommunicationIrene Cannistraci, Luca Moschella, Marco Fumero, Valentino Maiorca et al.ICLR 2024 · 22 citations
- With Limited Data for Multimodal Alignment, Let the STRUCTURE Guide YouFabian Gröger, Shuo Wen, Huyen Le, Maria BrbicNeurIPS 2025 · 16 citations
- Unleashing Region Understanding in Intermediate Layers for MLLM-based Referring Expression GenerationYaoyuan Liang, Zhuojun Cai, Jian Xu, Guanbo Huang et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 9 citations
- λ-Orthogonality Regularization for Compatible Representation LearningSimone Ricci, Niccolò Biondi, Federico Pernici, Ioannis Patras et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 8 citations
Builds on20
- Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
- An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at ScaleAlexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn et al.ICLR 2021 · 21,477 citations
- ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language RepresentationsZhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel et al.ICLR 2020 · 7,418 citations
- ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than GeneratorsKevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, Christopher D. ManningICLR 2020 · 541 citations
- LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image text TuningXiaohua Zhai, Xiao Wang, Basil Mustafa, Andreas Steiner et al.CVPR 2022 · 349 citations
Related papers
- Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative Geodesic RepresentationsHanlin Yu, Berfin Inal, Georgios Arvanitidis, Søren Hauberg et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 5 citations
- Text-To-Concept (and Back) via Cross-Model AlignmentMazda Moayeri, Keivan Rezaei, Maziar Sanjabi, Soheil FeiziICML 2023 · 62 citations
- Exploring Vision Transformers for 3D Human Motion-Language Models with Motion PatchesQing Yu, Mikihiro Tanaka, Kent FujiwaraCVPR 2024 · 5 citations
- Functional Alignment Can Mislead: Examining Model StitchingDamian Smith, Harvey Mannering, Antonia MarcuICML 2025
- Relative representations enable zero-shot latent space communicationLuca Moschella, Valentino Maiorca, Marco Fumero, Antonio Norelli et al.ICLR 2023 · 7 citations
