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ACL Findings2025

NativQA: Multilingual Culturally-Aligned Natural Query for LLMs

Md. Arid Hasan, Maram Hasanain, Fatema Ahmad, Sahinur Rahman Laskar, Sunaya Upadhyay, Vrunda N. Sukhadia, Mucahid Kutlu, Shammur Absar Chowdhury, Firoj Alam

Abstract

Natural Question Answering (QA) datasets play a crucial role in evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications. Despite the numerous QA datasets that have been developed and some work has been done in parallel, there is a notable lack of a framework and large scale region-specific datasets queried by native users in their own languages. This gap hinders the effective benchmarking and the development of finetuned models for regional and cultural specificities. In this study, we propose a scalable, languageindependent framework, NativQA, to seamlessly construct culturally and regionally aligned QA datasets in native languages, for LLM evaluation and tuning. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework by designing a multilingual natural QA dataset, MultiNativQA, consisting of ∼64k manually annotated QA pairs in seven languages, ranging from high to extremely low resource, based on queries from native speakers from 9 regions covering 18 topics. We benchmark openand closed-source LLMs with the MultiNativQA dataset. We made the MultiNativQA dataset, 1 and other experimental scripts 2 publicly available for the community.

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Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. CALM: Culturally Self-Aware Language ModelsLingzhi Shen, Xiaohao Cai, Yunfei Long, Imran Razzak et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 3 citations
  2. Location Not Found: Exposing Implicit Local and Global Biases in Multilingual LLMsGuy Mor-Lan, Omer Goldman, Matan Eyal, Adi Mayrav Gilady et al.ACL 2026 · 2 citations
  3. MemeIntel: Explainable Detection of Propagandistic and Hateful MemesMohamed Bayan Kmainasi, Abul Hasnat, Md. Arid Hasan, Ali Ezzat Shahroor et al.EMNLP 2025 · 1 citation

Builds on14

  1. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  2. BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTTianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q. Weinberger et al.ICLR 2020 · 8,443 citations
  3. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou et al.ICLR 2021 · 7,905 citations
  4. TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human FalsehoodsStephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, Owain EvansACL 2022 · 3,228 citations
  5. XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual GeneralisationJunjie Hu, Sebastian Ruder, Aditya Siddhant, Graham Neubig et al.ICML 2020 · 1,132 citations

Related papers

  1. XLQA: A Benchmark for Locale-Aware Multilingual Open-Domain Question AnsweringKeon-Woo Roh, Yeong-Joon Ju, Seong-Whan LeeEMNLP 2025
  2. CaLMQA: Exploring culturally specific long-form question answering across 23 languagesShane Arora, Marzena Karpinska, Hung-Ting Chen, Ipsita Bhattacharjee et al.ACL 2025
  3. Do You Know About My Nation? Investigating Multilingual Language Models' Cultural Literacy Through Factual KnowledgeEshaan Tanwar, Anwoy Chatterjee, Michael Saxon, Alon Albalak et al.EMNLP 2025 · 4 citations
  4. AraVQA: Building a New Arabic Factoid Visual Question Answering Dataset from WikipediaSultan Alrowili, Younes Samih, Abed Alhakim Freihat, Mathan Kumar EswaranACL 2026
  5. M3TQA: Massively Multilingual Multitask Table Question AnsweringDaixin Shu, Jian Yang, Zhenhe Wu, Xianjie Wu et al.ACL Findings 2026
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