TrustMark: Robust Watermarking and Watermark Removal for Arbitrary Resolution Images

Imperceptible digital watermarking is important in copyright protection, misinformation prevention, and responsible generative AI. We propose TrustMark -a watermarking method that leverages a spatio-spectral loss function and a 1×1 convolution layer to enhance encoding quality. Trust-Mark is robust against both in-place and out-of-place perturbations while maintaining image quality above 43 dB. Additionally, we propose ReMark, a watermark removal method designed for re-watermarking, along with a simple yet effective algorithm that enables both TrustMark and Re-Mark to operate across arbitrary resolutions. Our methods achieve state-of-art performance on 3 benchmarks 1 .