Lune

EMNLP Findings2025

Character is Destiny: Can Persona-assigned Language Models Make Personal Choices?

Rui Xu, Xintao Wang, Jiangjie Chen, Siyu Yuan, Xinfeng Yuan, Jiaqing Liang, Zulong Chen, Xiaoqing Dong, Yanghua Xiao

Abstract

Can Large Language Models (LLMs) simulate humans in making important decisions?Recent research has unveiled the potential of using LLMs to develop role-playing language agents (RPLAs), mimicking mainly the knowledge and tones of various characters.However, imitative decision-making necessitates a more nuanced understanding of personas.In this paper, we benchmark the ability of LLMs in persona-driven decision-making.Specifically, we investigate whether LLMs can predict characters' decisions provided by the preceding stories in high-quality novels.Leveraging character analyses written by literary experts, we construct a dataset LIFECHOICE comprising 2,512 characters' decision points from 470 books.Then, we conduct comprehensive experiments on LIFECHOICE, with various LLMs and RPLA methodologies.The results demonstrate that state-of-the-art LLMs exhibit promising capabilities in this task, yet substantial room for improvement remains.Hence, we further propose the CHARMAP method, which adopts persona-based memory retrieval and significantly advances RPLAs on this task.Resources are available at https://github. com/airaer1998/LifeChoice.

Ask Lune

Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.

Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.

Questions to start from

Lune answers from

the full paper · 3 top-tier papers that cite it · related work

Get the answer

Free to start. No credit card required.

Cited by top-tier papers3

  1. Creating and Evaluating Personas Using Generative AI: A Scoping Review of 81 ArticlesDanial Amin, Joni Salminen, Farhan Ahmed, Sonja M. H. Tervola et al.CHI 2026 · 6 citations
  2. DREAM: LLM-based Dynamic Role-playing via Event-Aware Memory GraphZhihao Xiao, Mengting Li, Xintao Wang, Linfeng Li et al.KDD 2026 · 1 citation
  3. ThinkPersona: Thinking with Persona Graphs for Faithful Individualized Role-PlayingYichen Cai, Pei Chen, Jiayang Li, Jingya Guo et al.ACL 2026

Builds on11

  1. Deberta: decoding-Enhanced Bert with Disentangled AttentionPengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Weizhu ChenICLR 2021 · 3,729 citations
  2. Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human BehaviorJoon Sung Park, Joseph C. O'Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris et al.UIST 2023 · 1,882 citations
  3. Can Large Language Model Agents Simulate Human Trust Behavior?Chengxing Xie, Canyu Chen, Feiran Jia, Ziyu Ye et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 183 citations
  4. BooookScore: A systematic exploration of book-length summarization in the era of LLMsYapei Chang, Kyle Lo, Tanya Goyal, Mohit IyyerICLR 2024 · 173 citations
  5. RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language ModelsNoah Wang, Zhongyuan Peng, Haoran Que, Jiaheng Liu et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 120 citations

Related papers

  1. Capturing Minds, Not Just Words: Enhancing Role-Playing Language Models with Personality-Indicative DataYiting Ran, Xintao Wang, Rui Xu, Xinfeng Yuan et al.EMNLP Findings 2024 · 2 citations
  2. Evaluating Character Understanding of Large Language Models via Character Profiling from Fictional WorksXinfeng Yuan, Siyu Yuan, Yuhan Cui, Tianhe Lin et al.EMNLP 2024 · 2 citations
  3. Guess What I am Thinking: A Benchmark for Inner Thought Reasoning of Role-Playing Language AgentsRui Xu, Mingyu Wang, Xintao Wang, Dakuan Lu et al.EMNLP Findings 2025
  4. Human Simulacra: Benchmarking the Personification of Large Language ModelsQiujie Xie, Qiming Feng, Tianqi Zhang, Qingqiu Li et al.ICLR 2025
  5. TimeChara: Evaluating Point-in-Time Character Hallucination of Role-Playing Large Language ModelsJaewoo Ahn, Taehyun Lee, Junyoung Lim, Jin-Hwa Kim et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 9 citations
Dusk over the sea between two cliffs drawn in fine vertical lines