Trust Me, I Know This Function: Hijacking LLM Static Analysis using Bias
Shir Bernstein, David Beste, Daniel Ayzenshteyn, Lea Schönherr, Yisroel Mirsky
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trusted to perform automated code review and static analysis at scale, supporting tasks such as vulnerability detection, summarization, and refactoring. In this paper, we identify and exploit a critical vulnerability in LLM-based code analysis: an abstraction bias that causes models to overgeneralize familiar programming patterns and overlook small, meaningful bugs. Adversaries can exploit this blind spot to hijack the control flow of the LLM’s interpretation with minimal edits and without affecting actual runtime behavior. We refer to this attack as a Familiar Pattern Attack (FPA). We develop a fully automated, black-box algorithm that discovers and injects FPAs into target code. Our evaluation shows that FPAs are not only effective against basic and reasoning models, but are also transferable across model families (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google), and universal across programming languages (Python, C, Rust, Go). Moreover, FPAs remain effective even when models are explicitly warned about the attack via robust system prompts. Finally, we explore positive, defensive uses of FPAs and discuss their broader implications for the reliability and safety of code-oriented LLMs.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext aa5b3cd1-1edb-4414-85a2-dec387a33638Builds on12
- Are aligned neural networks adversarially aligned?Nicholas Carlini, Milad Nasr, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Matthew Jagielski et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 412 citations
- You Autocomplete Me: Poisoning Vulnerabilities in Neural Code CompletionRoei Schuster, Congzheng Song, Eran Tromer, Vitaly ShmatikovUSENIX Security 2021 · 199 citations
- Enhancing Static Analysis for Practical Bug Detection: An LLM-Integrated ApproachHaonan Li, Yu Hao, Yizhuo Zhai, Zhiyun QianOOPSLA 2024 · 142 citations
- Large Language Models for Code Analysis: Do LLMs Really Do Their Job?Chongzhou Fang, Ning Miao, Shaurya Srivastav, Jialin Liu et al.USENIX Security 2024 · 110 citations
- NExT: Teaching Large Language Models to Reason about Code ExecutionAnsong Ni, Miltiadis Allamanis, Arman Cohan, Yinlin Deng et al.ICML 2024 · 73 citations
Related papers
- Detecting Data Poisoning in Code Generation LLMs via Black-Box, Vulnerability-Oriented ScanningShenao Yan, Shan Jin, Shimaa Ahmed, Sunpreet Singh Arora et al.CCS 2026
- Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Code CompletionSlobodan Jenko, Niels Mündler, Jingxuan He, Mark Vero et al.ICML 2025
- Exploiting Synergistic Cognitive Biases to Bypass Safety in LLMsXikang Yang, Biyu Zhou, Xuehai Tang, Jizhong Han et al.AAAI 2026
- When "Correct" Is Not Safe: Can We Trust Functionally Correct Patches Generated by Code Agents?Yibo Peng, James Song, Lei Li, Xinyu Yang et al.ACL 2026 · 2 citations
- Beyond Static Pattern Matching? Rethinking Automatic Cryptographic API Misuse Detection in the Era of LLMsYifan Xia, Zichen Xie, Peiyu Liu, Kangjie Lu et al.ISSTA 2025 · 2 citations
