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ACL Findings2025

MPBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Reasoning Benchmark for Process Errors Identification

Xu Zhao Pan, Pengfei Zhou, Jiaxin Ai, Wangbo Zhao, Kai Wang, Xiaojiang Peng, Wenqi Shao, Hongxun Yao, Kaipeng Zhang

Abstract

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to provide step-wise rewards that facilitate reinforcement learning and data production during training and guide LLMs toward correct steps during inference, thereby improving reasoning accuracy. However, existing benchmarks of PRMs are text-based and focus on error detection, neglecting other scenarios like reasoning search. To address this gap, we introduce MPBench, a comprehensive, multi-task, multimodal benchmark designed to systematically assess the effectiveness of PRMs in diverse scenarios. MPBench employs three evaluation paradigms, each targeting a specific role of PRMs in the reasoning process: (1) Step Correctness, which assesses the correctness of each intermediate reasoning step; (2) Answer Aggregation, which aggregates multiple solutions and selects the best one; and (3) Reasoning Process Search, which guides the search for optimal reasoning steps during inference. Through these paradigms, MPBench makes comprehensive evaluations and provides insights into the development of multimodal PRMs.

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Cited by top-tier papers5

  1. Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning ModelsDadi Guo, Jiayu Liu, Zhiyuan Fan, Zhitao He et al.ACL 2026 · 17 citations
  2. Omni-RewardBench: Toward a Comprehensive Evaluation of Generative Reward Models Across ModalitiesChi-Min Chan, Yujin Zhou, Pengcheng Wen, Boqin Yin et al.ACL 2026
  3. A Comprehensive Survey of Process Reward Models: Data Generation, Model Construction, and UsageCongmin Zheng, Jiachen Zhu, Zhuoying Ou, Yuxiang Chen et al.ACL 2026
  4. Benchmarking Fine-Grained Error Detection in Multimodal ReasoningChi-Min Chan, Han Zhu, Chunyang Jiang, Jiaming Ji et al.ACL 2026
  5. A Survey of Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning: From Perception, Alignment to ReasoningTianyu Yang, Sihong Wu, Yilun Zhao, Zhenwen Liang et al.ACL 2026

Builds on14

  1. Let's Verify Step by StepHunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yuri Burda, Harrison Edwards et al.ICLR 2024 · 3,045 citations
  2. MMMU: A Massive Multi-Discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIXiang Yue, Yuansheng Ni, Tianyu Zheng, Kai Zhang et al.CVPR 2024 · 213 citations
  3. VisualPRM400K: An Effective Dataset for Training Multimodal Process Reward ModelsWeiyun Wang, Zhangwei Gao, Lianjie Chen, Zhe Chen et al.ICLR 2026 · 110 citations
  4. PRMBench: A Fine-grained and Challenging Benchmark for Process-Level Reward ModelsMingyang Song, Zhaochen Su, Xiaoye Qu, Jiawei Zhou et al.ACL 2025 · 85 citations
  5. MR-Ben: A Meta-Reasoning Benchmark for Evaluating System-2 Thinking in LLMsZhongshen Zeng, Yinhong Liu, Yingjia Wan, Jingyao Li et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 51 citations

Related papers

  1. VLRMBench: A Comprehensive and Challenging Benchmark for Vision-Language Reward ModelsJiacheng Ruan, Wenzhen Yuan, Xiqi Gao, Ye Guo et al.ICCV 2025 · 22 citations
  2. What, Whether and How? Unveiling Process Reward Models for Thinking with Images ReasoningYujin Zhou, Pengcheng Wen, Jiale Chen, Boqin Yin et al.AAAI 2026 · 2 citations
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  5. R-PRM: Reasoning-Driven Process Reward ModelingShuaijie She, Junxiao Liu, Yifeng Liu, Jiajun Chen et al.EMNLP 2025
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