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ACL Findings2024

E-EVAL: A Comprehensive Chinese K-12 Education Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Jinchang Hou, Chang Ao, Haihong Wu, Xiangtao Kong, Zhigang Zheng, Daijia Tang, Chengming Li, Xiping Hu, Ruifeng Xu, Shiwen Ni, Min Yang

Abstract

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their increasing utilization in Chinese K-12 education. Despite the growing integration of LLMs and education, the absence of a dedicated benchmark for evaluating LLMs within this domain presents a pressing concern. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive natural language processing benchmark to precisely assess the capabilities of various LLMs in Chinese K-12 education. In response, we introduce E-EVAL, the first comprehensive evaluation benchmark specifically tailored for Chinese K-12 education. E-EVAL comprises 4,351 multiple-choice questions spanning primary, middle, and high school levels, covering a diverse array of subjects. Through meticulous evaluation, we find that Chinese-dominant models often outperform English-dominant ones, with many exceeding GPT 4.0. However, most struggle with complex subjects like mathematics. Additionally, our analysis indicates that most Chinesedominant LLMs do not achieve higher scores at the primary school level compared to the middle school level, highlighting the nuanced relationship between proficiency in higher-order and lower-order knowledge domains. Furthermore, experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the Chain of Thought (CoT) technique in scientific subjects and Few-shot prompting in liberal arts. Through E-EVAL, we aim to conduct a rigorous analysis delineating the strengths and limitations of LLMs in educational applications, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of Chinese K-12 education and LLMs. 12

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Cited by top-tier papers8

  1. PhysReason: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Physics-Based ReasoningXinyu Zhang, Yuxuan Dong, Yanrui Wu, Jiaxing Huang et al.ACL 2025 · 51 citations
  2. Training on the Benchmark Is Not All You NeedShiwen Ni, Xiangtao Kong, Chengming Li, Xiping Hu et al.AAAI 2025 · 24 citations
  3. OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific ProblemsChaoqun He, Renjie Luo, Yuzhuo Bai, Shengding Hu et al.ACL 2024 · 18 citations
  4. CMPhysBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Condensed Matter PhysicsWeida Wang, Dongchen Huang, Jiatong Li, Tengchao Yang et al.ICLR 2026 · 11 citations
  5. UGPhysics: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Undergraduate Physics Reasoning with Large Language ModelsXin Xu, Qiyun Xu, Tong Xiao, Tianhao Chen et al.ICML 2025

Builds on6

  1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
  2. Large Language Models are Zero-Shot ReasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,168 citations
  3. Measuring Massive Multitask Language UnderstandingDan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou et al.ICLR 2021 · 7,905 citations
  4. CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in ChineseHaonan Li, Yixuan Zhang, Fajri Koto, Yifei Yang et al.ACL Findings 2024 · 105 citations
  5. SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching With Graph Neural NetworksPaul-Edouard Sarlin, Daniel DeTone, Tomasz Malisiewicz, Andrew RabinovichCVPR 2020

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