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ICLR2025Top-tier venue

Words in Motion: Extracting Interpretable Control Vectors for Motion Transformers

Ömer Sahin Tas, Royden Wagner

Abstract

Transformer-based models generate hidden states that are difficult to interpret. In this work, we analyze hidden states and modify them at inference, with a focus on motion forecasting. We use linear probing to analyze whether interpretable features are embedded in hidden states. Our experiments reveal high probing accuracy, indicating latent space regularities with functionally important directions. Building on this, we use the directions between hidden states with opposing features to fit control vectors. At inference, we add our control vectors to hidden states and evaluate their impact on predictions. Remarkably, such modifications preserve the feasibility of predictions. We further refine our control vectors using sparse autoencoders (SAEs). This leads to more linear changes in predictions when scaling control vectors. Our approach enables mechanistic interpretation as well as zeroshot generalization to unseen dataset characteristics with negligible computational overhead.

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Cited by top-tier papers1

  1. Embodied Interpretability: Linking Causal Understanding to Generalization in Vision-Language-Action ModelsHanxin Zhang, Mingshuo Xu, Abdulqader Dhafer, Shigang Yue et al.ICML 2026 · 2 citations

Builds on29

  1. Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
  2. Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
  3. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackLong Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 24,707 citations
  4. Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion ModelsLvmin Zhang, Anyi Rao, Maneesh AgrawalaICCV 2023 · 6,759 citations
  5. Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot LearningJean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 6,707 citations

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