Gaussian Process Neural Additive Models
Wei Zhang, Brian Barr, John Paisley
Abstract
Deep neural networks have revolutionized many fields, but their black-box nature also occasionally prevents their wider adoption in fields such as healthcare and finance, where interpretable and explainable models are required. The recent development of Neural Additive Models (NAMs) is a significant step in the direction of interpretable deep learning for tabular datasets. In this paper, we propose a new subclass of NAMs that use a single-layer neural network construction of the Gaussian process via random Fourier features, which we call Gaussian Process Neural Additive Models (GP-NAM). GP-NAMs have the advantage of a convex objective function and number of trainable parameters that grows linearly with feature dimensionality. It suffers no loss in performance compared to deeper NAM approaches because GPs are well-suited for learning complex non-parametric univariate functions. We demonstrate the performance of GP-NAM on several tabular datasets, showing that it achieves comparable or better performance in both classification and regression tasks with a large reduction in the number of parameters. 1
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Cited by top-tier papers3
- Provably Explaining Neural Additive ModelsShahaf Bassan, Yizhak Yisrael Elboher, Tobias Ladner, Volkan Şahin et al.ICLR 2026 · 3 citations
- Layer-Wise Modality Decomposition for Interpretable Multimodal Sensor FusionJaehyun Park, Konyul Park, Daehun Kim, Junseo Park et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 2 citations
- Interpretable and Parameter Efficient Graph Neural Additive Models with Random Fourier FeaturesThummaluru Siddartha Reddy, Vempalli Naga Sai Saketh, Mahesh ChandranNeurIPS 2025 · 1 citation
Builds on6
- Neural Additive Models: Interpretable Machine Learning with Neural NetsRishabh Agarwal, Levi Melnick, Nicholas Frosst, Xuezhou Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 663 citations
- Neural Oblivious Decision Ensembles for Deep Learning on Tabular DataSergei Popov, Stanislav Morozov, Artem BabenkoICLR 2020 · 407 citations
- NODE-GAM: Neural Generalized Additive Model for Interpretable Deep LearningChun-Hao Chang, Rich Caruana, Anna GoldenbergICLR 2022 · 114 citations
- Neural Basis Models for InterpretabilityFilip Radenovic, Abhimanyu Dubey, Dhruv MahajanNeurIPS 2022 · 82 citations
- Scalable Interpretability via PolynomialsAbhimanyu Dubey, Filip Radenovic, Dhruv MahajanNeurIPS 2022 · 42 citations
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