DoseSurv: Predicting Personalized Survival Outcomes under Continuous-Valued Treatments

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) of continuous-valued interventions on survival, that is, time-to-event (TTE) outcomes, is crucial in various fields, notably in clinical decision-making and in driving the advancement of next-generation clinical trials. However, while HTE estimation for continuous-valued (i.e., dosage-dependent) interventions and for TTE outcomes have been separately explored, their combined application remains largely overlooked in the machine learning literature. We propose DoseSurv, a varying-coefficient network designed to estimate HTEs for different dosage-dependent and non-dosage treatment options from TTE data. DoseSurv uses radial basis functions to model continuity in dose-response relationships and learns balanced representations to address covariate shifts arising in HTE estimation from observational TTE data. We present experiments across various treatment scenarios on both simulated and real-world data, demonstrating DoseSurv’s superior performance over existing baseline models.