WhatELSE: Shaping Narrative Spaces at Configurable Level of Abstraction for AI-bridged Interactive Storytelling
Zhuoran Lu, Qian Zhou, Yi Wang
Abstract
Generative AI significantly enhances player agency in interactive narratives (IN) by enabling just-in-time content generation that adapts to player actions. While delegating generation to AI makes IN more interactive, it becomes challenging for authors to control the space of possible narratives - within which the final story experienced by the player emerges from their interaction with AI. In this paper, we present WhatELSE, an AI-bridged IN authoring system that creates narrative possibility spaces from example stories. WhatELSE provides three views (narrative pivot, outline, and variants) to help authors understand the narrative space and corresponding tools leveraging linguistic abstraction to control the boundaries of the narrative space. Taking innovative LLM-based narrative planning approaches, WhatELSE further unfolds the narrative space into executable game events. Through a user study (N=12) and technical evaluations, we found that WhatELSE enables authors to perceive and edit the narrative space and generates engaging interactive narratives at play-time.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 7ed5f047-c576-4496-978b-71eccdec55e4Cited by top-tier papers6
- DialogLab: Authoring, Simulating, and Testing Dynamic Human-AI Group ConversationsErzhen Hu, Yanhe Chen, Mingyi Li, Vrushank Phadnis et al.UIST 2025 · 3 citations
- PlayWrite: A Multimodal System for AI Supported Narrative Co-Authoring Through Play in XREsen K. Tütüncü, Qian Zhou, Frederik Brudy, George W. Fitzmaurice et al.CHI 2026 · 2 citations
- DiaryPlay: AI-Assisted Creation of Interactive Story Vignettes for Everyday StorytellingJiangnan Xu, Haeseul Cha, Gosu Choi, Gyu-cheol Lee et al.CHI 2026 · 2 citations
- Narrix: Remixing Narrative Strategies from Examples for Story WritingChao Zhang, Shunan Guo, Abe Davis, Eunyee KohCHI 2026 · 1 citation
- NarrativeLoom: Enhancing Creative Storytelling through Multi-Persona Collaborative ImprovisationYuxi Ma, Yongqian Peng, Fengyuan Yang, Siyu Zha et al.CHI 2026 · 1 citation
Builds on12
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human BehaviorJoon Sung Park, Joseph C. O'Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris et al.UIST 2023 · 1,882 citations
- AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent BehaviorsWeize Chen, Yusheng Su, Jingwei Zuo, Cheng Yang et al.ICLR 2024 · 594 citations
- Co-Writing Screenplays and Theatre Scripts with Language Models: Evaluation by Industry ProfessionalsPiotr Mirowski, Kory W. Mathewson, Jaylen Pittman, Richard EvansCHI 2023 · 235 citations
- TaleBrush: Sketching Stories with Generative Pretrained Language ModelsJohn Joon Young Chung, Wooseok Kim, Kang Min Yoo, Hwaran Lee et al.CHI 2022 · 202 citations
Related papers
- RPGAgent: Driving Coherent Story-to-Play Generation with an LLM-Based Multi-Agent SystemShunan Zhang, Yi Xiao, Ruoxuan Ma, Chi-Sing LeungCHI 2026 · 1 citation
- VRCopilot: Authoring 3D Layouts with Generative AI Models in VRLei Zhang, Jin Pan, Jacob Gettig, Steve Oney et al.UIST 2024 · 53 citations
- Narrative Planning Model Acquisition from Text Summaries and DescriptionsThomas Hayton, Julie Porteous, João F. Ferreira, Alan LindsayAAAI 2020 · 14 citations
- Towards Enhanced Immersion and Agency for LLM-based Interactive DramaHongqiu Wu, Weiqi Wu, Tianyang Xu, Jiameng Zhang et al.ACL 2025 · 7 citations
- Orchid-Creator: An Authoring Tool Supporting LLM-Driven Interactive Narrative CreationZhen Wu, Serkan Kumyol, Zhengyang Ma, Tristan BraudCHI 2026 · 2 citations
