EMNLP Findings2021
Want To Reduce Labeling Cost? GPT-3 Can Help
Shuohang Wang, Yang Liu, Yichong Xu, Chenguang Zhu, Michael Zeng
Abstract
Data annotation is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process for many NLP tasks. Although there exist various methods to produce pseudo data labels, they are often taskspecific and require a decent amount of labeled data to start with. Recently, the immense language model GPT-3 with 175 billion parameters has achieved tremendous improvement across many few-shot learning tasks. In this paper, we explore ways to leverage GPT-3 as a low-cost data labeler to train other models. We find that, to make the downstream model achieve the same performance on a variety of NLU and NLG tasks, it costs 50% to 96% less to use labels from GPT-3 than using labels from humans. Furthermore, we propose a novel framework of combining pseudo labels from GPT-3 with human labels, which leads to even better performance with limited labeling budget. These results present a cost-effective data labeling methodology that is generalizable to many practical applications.
Ask Lune
Ask anything. The answer quotes the paper.
Lune reads all of it and the papers around it, then shows you the passages behind every answer.
Lune answers from
the full paper · 45 top-tier papers that cite it · related work
Free to start. No credit card required.
Cited by top-tier papers45
- RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI FeedbackHarrison Lee, Samrat Phatale, Hassan Mansoor, Thomas Mesnard et al.ICML 2024 · 598 citations
- A Survey on In-context LearningQingxiu Dong, Lei Li, Damai Dai, Ce Zheng et al.EMNLP 2024 · 479 citations
- Large language models are few-shot clinical information extractorsMonica Agrawal, Stefan Hegselmann, Hunter Lang, Yoon Kim et al.EMNLP 2022 · 285 citations
- Revisiting Relation Extraction in the era of Large Language ModelsSomin Wadhwa, Silvio Amir, Byron C. WallaceACL 2023 · 145 citations
- Is GPT-3 a Good Data Annotator?Bosheng Ding, Chengwei Qin, Linlin Liu, Yew Ken Chia et al.ACL 2023 · 133 citations
Builds on9
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive SummarizationJingqing Zhang, Yao Zhao, Mohammad Saleh, Peter J. LiuICML 2020 · 2,453 citations
- Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-shot Performance of Language ModelsZihao Zhao, Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Dan Klein et al.ICML 2021 · 1,843 citations
- Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order SensitivityYao Lu, Max Bartolo, Alastair Moore, Sebastian Riedel et al.ACL 2022 · 1,494 citations
- Revisiting Self-Training for Neural Sequence GenerationJunxian He, Jiatao Gu, Jiajun Shen, Marc'Aurelio RanzatoICLR 2020 · 294 citations
Related papers
- GPT3Mix: Leveraging Large-scale Language Models for Text AugmentationKang Min Yoo, Dongju Park, Jaewook Kang, Sang-Woo Lee et al.EMNLP Findings 2021 · 151 citations
- Parameter-free Automatically Prompting: A Latent Pseudo Label Mapping Model for Prompt-based LearningJirui Qi, Richong Zhang, Junfan Chen, Jaein Kim et al.EMNLP Findings 2022
- Is ChatGPT the ultimate Data Augmentation Algorithm?Frédéric Piedboeuf, Philippe LanglaisEMNLP Findings 2023 · 11 citations
- Pushing the Limits of Low-Resource NER Using LLM Artificial Data GenerationJoan Santoso, Patrick Sutanto, Billy Cahyadi, Esther Irawati SetiawanACL Findings 2024 · 12 citations
- LLMaAA: Making Large Language Models as Active AnnotatorsRuoyu Zhang, Yanzeng Li, Yongliang Ma, Ming Zhou et al.EMNLP Findings 2023 · 60 citations
