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ACL Findings2024

FinTral: A Family of GPT-4 Level Multimodal Financial Large Language Models

Gagan Bhatia, El Moatez Billah Nagoudi, Hasan Cavusoglu, Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Abstract

We introduce FinTral, a suite of state-of-theart multimodal large language models (LLMs) built upon the Mistral-7b model and tailored for financial analysis. FinTral integrates textual, numerical, tabular, and image data. We present FinSet, the largest financial LLM pretraining training, instruction tuning and financial alignment dataset and evaluation benchmark featuring nine tasks and 23 datasets and the first to understand and mitigate financial hallucinations. We enhance FinTral with domain-specific pretraining, instruction fine-tuning, and RLAIF training by exploiting a large collection of textual and visual datasets we curate for this work. We also introduce an extensive benchmark featuring nine tasks and 25 datasets for evaluation, including hallucinations in the financial domain. Our FinTral model trained with direct preference optimization employing advanced Tools and Retrieval methods, dubbed FinTral-DPO-T&R, demonstrates an exceptional zeroshot performance. It outperforms ChatGPT-3.5 in all tasks and surpasses GPT-4 in five out of nine tasks, marking a significant advancement in AI-driven financial technology. We also demonstrate that FinTral has the potential to excel in real-time analysis and decisionmaking in diverse financial contexts. The GitHub repository for FinTral is available at https://github.com/UBC-NLP/fintral.

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Cited by top-tier papers7

  1. OntoTune: Ontology-Driven Self-training for Aligning Large Language ModelsZhiqiang Liu, Chengtao Gan, Junjie Wang, Yichi Zhang et al.WWW 2025 · 11 citations
  2. Demystifying Domain-adaptive Post-training for Financial LLMsZixuan Ke, Yifei Ming, Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Caiming Xiong et al.EMNLP 2025 · 2 citations
  3. VisFinEval: A Scenario-Driven Chinese Multimodal Benchmark for Holistic Financial UnderstandingZhaowei Liu, Xin Guo, Haotian Xia, Lingfeng Zeng et al.EMNLP 2025
  4. Date Fragments: A Hidden Bottleneck of Tokenization for Temporal ReasoningGagan Bhatia, Maxime Peyrard, Wei ZhaoEMNLP 2025
  5. FinMME: Benchmark Dataset for Financial Multi-Modal Reasoning EvaluationJunyu Luo, Zhizhuo Kou, Liming Yang, Xiao Luo et al.ACL 2025

Builds on14

  1. Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh et al.ICML 2021 · 47,906 citations
  2. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
  3. Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelRafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 10,924 citations
  4. Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use ToolsTimo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 5,989 citations
  5. QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMsTim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke ZettlemoyerNeurIPS 2023 · 5,863 citations

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