ConFu: Contemplate the Future for Better Speculative Sampling
Zongyue Qin, Raghavv Goel, Mukul Gagrani, Risheek Garrepalli, Mingu Lee, Yizhou Sun
Abstract
Speculative decoding has emerged as a powerful approach to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference by employing lightweight draft models to propose candidate tokens that are subsequently verified by the target model. The effectiveness of this paradigm critically depends on the quality of the draft model. While recent advances such as the EAGLE series achieve state-of-the-art speedup, existing draft models remain limited by error accumulation: they condition only on the current prefix, causing their predictions to drift from the target model over steps. In this work, we propose ConFu (Contemplate the Future), a novel speculative decoding framework that enables draft models to anticipate the future direction of generation. ConFu introduces (i) contemplate tokens and soft prompts that allow the draft model to leverage future-oriented signals from the target model at negligible cost, (ii) a dynamic contemplate token mechanism with MoE to enable context-aware future prediction, and (iii) a training framework with anchor token sampling and future prediction replication that learns robust future prediction. Experiments demonstrate that ConFu improves token acceptance rates and generation speed over EAGLE-3 by 8-11%, across various downstream tasks with Llama-3 3B and 8B models. We believe our work is the first to bridge speculative decoding with continuous reasoning tokens, offering a new direction for accelerating LLM inference.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 77b37433-561b-477a-bc8e-eeedc96f79eeBuilds on11
- Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention SinksGuangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han et al.ICLR 2024 · 1,714 citations
- Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative DecodingYaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, Yossi MatiasICML 2023 · 1,472 citations
- EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time TestYuhui Li, Fangyun Wei, Chao Zhang, Hongyang ZhangNeurIPS 2025 · 347 citations
- Think before you speak: Training Language Models With Pause TokensSachin Goyal, Ziwei Ji, Ankit Singh Rawat, Aditya Krishna Menon et al.ICLR 2024 · 240 citations
- Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional ConversationsNing Ding, Yulin Chen, Bokai Xu, Yujia Qin et al.EMNLP 2023 · 95 citations
Related papers
- PARD: Accelerating LLM Inference with Low‑Cost PARallel Draft Model AdaptationZihao An, Huajun Bai, Ziqiong Liu, Dong Li et al.ICLR 2026 · 28 citations
- HCSpec: Two-Tier Horizontal Cascade Speculative Decoding for High-Efficiency Large Language Model InferenceYizhou Zhang, Siming Chen, Hao Ye, Erhu FengACL 2026
- EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature UncertaintyYuhui Li, Fangyun Wei, Chao Zhang, Hongyang ZhangICML 2024 · 424 citations
- Not-a-Bandit: Provably No-Regret Drafter Selection in Speculative Decoding for LLMsHongyi Liu, Jiaji Huang, Zhen Jia, Youngsuk Park et al.ICLR 2026 · 5 citations
- Training-Free Loosely Speculative Decoding: Accepting Semantically Correct Drafts Beyond Exact MatchJinze Li, Yixing Xu, Guanchen Li, Shuo Yang et al.ICLR 2026 · 12 citations
