Abductive Commonsense Reasoning Exploiting Mutually Exclusive Explanations
Wenting Zhao, Justin T. Chiu, Claire Cardie, Alexander M. Rush
Abstract
Abductive reasoning aims to find plausible explanations for an event. This style of reasoning is critical for commonsense tasks where there are often multiple plausible explanations. Existing approaches for abductive reasoning in natural language processing (NLP) often rely on manually generated annotations for supervision; however, such annotations can be subjective and biased. Instead of using direct supervision, this work proposes an approach for abductive commonsense reasoning that exploits the fact that only a subset of explanations is correct for a given context. The method uses posterior regularization to enforce a mutual exclusion constraint, encouraging the model to learn the distinction between fluent explanations and plausible ones. We evaluate our approach on a diverse set of abductive reasoning datasets; experimental results show that our approach outperforms or is comparable to directly applying pretrained language models in a zero-shot manner and other knowledge-augmented zero-shot methods.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 6d5fd221-d433-43e1-85e6-da728b476b5aCited by top-tier papers4
- Limits of Transformer Language Models on Learning to Compose AlgorithmsJonathan Thomm, Giacomo Camposampiero, Aleksandar Terzic, Michael Hersche et al.NeurIPS 2024 · 16 citations
- Learning from Synthetic Data Improves Multi-hop ReasoningAnmol Kabra, Yilun Yin, Albert Gong, Kamilė Stankevičiūtė et al.ICLR 2026 · 6 citations
- Beyond Surface Simplicity: Revealing Hidden Reasoning Attributes for Precise Commonsense DiagnosisHuijun Lian, Zekai Sun, Keqi Chen, Yingming Gao et al.ACL 2025
- Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User PersonasNishant Balepur, Vishakh Padmakumar, Fumeng Yang, Shi Feng et al.ACL 2025
Builds on20
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Finetuned Language Models are Zero-Shot LearnersJason Wei, Maarten Bosma, Vincent Y. Zhao, Kelvin Guu et al.ICLR 2022 · 4,966 citations
- Investigating Gender Bias in Language Models Using Causal Mediation AnalysisJesse Vig, Sebastian Gehrmann, Yonatan Belinkov, Sharon Qian et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 851 citations
- Abductive Commonsense ReasoningChandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, Chaitanya Malaviya, Keisuke Sakaguchi et al.ICLR 2020 · 521 citations
Related papers
- Learning Event Graph Knowledge for Abductive ReasoningLi Du, Xiao Ding, Ting Liu, Bing QinACL 2021
- Multi-modal Action Chain Abductive ReasoningMengze Li, Tianbao Wang, Jiahe Xu, Kairong Han et al.ACL 2023 · 11 citations
- A Balanced Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Commonsense Abductive LogicJoseph Cotnareanu, Didier Chételat, Yingxue Zhang, Mark CoatesICLR 2026 · 3 citations
- ROCK: Causal Inference Principles for Reasoning about Commonsense CausalityJiayao Zhang, Hongming Zhang, Weijie J. Su, Dan RothICML 2022 · 28 citations
- Ambiguous Learning from Retrieval: Towards Zero-shot Semantic ParsingShan Wu, Chunlei Xin, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han et al.ACL 2023
