Understanding the Effects of Iterative Prompting on Truthfulness
Satyapriya Krishna, Chirag Agarwal, Himabindu Lakkaraju
Abstract
The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has notably transformed numerous sectors, offering impressive text generation capabilities. Yet, the reliability and truthfulness of these models remain pressing concerns. To this end, we investigate iterative prompting, a strategy hypothesized to refine LLM responses, assessing its impact on LLM truthfulness, an area which has not been thoroughly explored. Our extensive experiments delve into the intricacies of iterative prompting variants, examining their influence on the accuracy and calibration of model responses. Our findings reveal that naive prompting methods significantly undermine truthfulness, leading to exacerbated calibration errors. In response to these challenges, we introduce several prompting variants designed to address the identified issues. These variants demonstrate marked improvements over existing baselines, signaling a promising direction for future research. Our work provides a nuanced understanding of iterative prompting and introduces novel approaches to enhance the truthfulness of LLMs, thereby contributing to the development of more accurate and trustworthy AI systems.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 6267ee10-e1a6-4f55-921c-372bb24b57bbCited by top-tier papers2
- Behavioral Indicators of Overreliance During Interaction with Conversational Language ModelsChang Liu, Qinyi Zhou, Xinjie Shen, Xingyu Bruce Liu et al.CHI 2026 · 4 citations
- Routing, Cascades, and User Choice for LLMsRafid MahmoodICLR 2026 · 2 citations
Builds on13
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsJason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22,562 citations
- Large Language Models are Zero-Shot ReasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,168 citations
- Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-FeedbackAman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan et al.NeurIPS 2023 · 4,972 citations
- TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human FalsehoodsStephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, Owain EvansACL 2022 · 3,228 citations
- Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-shot Performance of Language ModelsZihao Zhao, Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Dan Klein et al.ICML 2021 · 1,843 citations
Related papers
- MetaFaith: Faithful Natural Language Uncertainty Expression in LLMsGabrielle Kaili-May Liu, Gal Yona, Avi Caciularu, Idan Szpektor et al.EMNLP 2025
- Multi-expert Prompting Improves Reliability, Safety and Usefulness of Large Language ModelsDo Xuan Long, Duong Ngoc Yen, Anh Tuan Luu, Kenji Kawaguchi et al.EMNLP 2024 · 6 citations
- To Believe or Not to Believe Your LLM: Iterative Prompting for Estimating Epistemic UncertaintyYasin Abbasi-Yadkori, Ilja Kuzborskij, András György, Csaba SzepesváriNeurIPS 2024
- LLM as a Broken Telephone: Iterative Generation Distorts InformationAmr Mohamed, Mingmeng Geng, Michalis Vazirgiannis, Guokan ShangACL 2025
- How do Large Language Models Navigate Conflicts between Honesty and Helpfulness?Ryan Liu, Theodore R. Sumers, Ishita Dasgupta, Thomas L. GriffithsICML 2024 · 33 citations
