Google Research Football: A Novel Reinforcement Learning Environment
Karol Kurach, Anton Raichuk, Piotr Stanczyk, Michal Zajac, Olivier Bachem, Lasse Espeholt, Carlos Riquelme, Damien Vincent, Marcin Michalski, Olivier Bousquet, Sylvain Gelly
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of reinforcement learning has been accelerated by virtual learning environments such as video games, where novel algorithms and ideas can be quickly tested in a safe and reproducible manner. We introduce the Google Research Football Environment, a new reinforcement learning environment where agents are trained to play football in an advanced, physics-based 3D simulator. The resulting environment is challenging, easy to use and customize, and it is available under a permissive open-source license. In addition, it provides support for multiplayer and multi-agent experiments. We propose three full-game scenarios of varying difficulty with the Football Benchmarks and report baseline results for three commonly used reinforcement algorithms (IMPALA, PPO, and Ape-X DQN). We also provide a diverse set of simpler scenarios with the Football Academy and showcase several promising research directions.
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Cited by top-tier papers110
- Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning is a Sequence Modeling ProblemMuning Wen, Jakub Grudzien Kuba, Runji Lin, Weinan Zhang et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 408 citations
- Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars, and RobotsXavier Puig, Eric Undersander, Andrew Szot, Mikael Dallaire Cote et al.ICLR 2024 · 252 citations
- Celebrating Diversity in Shared Multi-Agent Reinforcement LearningChenghao Li, Tonghan Wang, Chengjie Wu, Qianchuan Zhao et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 224 citations
- Heterogeneous Agent Q-weighted Policy OptimizationBor-Jiun Lin, Chun-Yi LeeICLR 2026 · 102 citations
- Learning to Simulate Self-driven Particles System with Coordinated Policy OptimizationZhenghao Peng, Quanyi Li, Ka-Ming Hui, Chunxiao Liu et al.NeurIPS 2021 · 88 citations
Related papers
- Programmatic Modeling and Generation of Real-Time Strategic Soccer Environments for Reinforcement LearningAbdus Salam Azad, Edward Kim, Qiancheng Wu, Kimin Lee et al.AAAI 2022 · 7 citations
- SEED RL: Scalable and Efficient Deep-RL with Accelerated Central InferenceLasse Espeholt, Raphaël Marinier, Piotr Stanczyk, Ke Wang et al.ICLR 2020 · 32 citations
- LAGMA: LAtent Goal-guided Multi-Agent Reinforcement LearningHyungho Na, Il-Chul MoonICML 2024 · 4 citations
- Autonomous Partner Selection for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement LearningRui Tang, Biao Luo, Yongzheng CuiAAAI 2026
- ELIGN: Expectation Alignment as a Multi-Agent Intrinsic RewardZixian Ma, Rose E. Wang, Fei-Fei Li, Michael S. Bernstein et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 22 citations
