Urban-GS: A Unified 3D Gaussian Splatting Framework for Compact and High-Fidelity Aerial-to-Street Reconstruction

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized radiance field reconstruction, enabling efficient and high-fidelity novel view synthesis. However, seamless integration of both aerial and street view images to model urban scenes remains a significant challenge for 3DGS. This joint setting suffers from extreme view coverage disparity, complex multi-scale details, and imbalanced viewpoint distributions.In this work, we present Urban-GS, a novel framework built upon Gaussian Splatting for the compact unified reconstruction and high-fidelity rendering of urban scenes from both aerial and street views. Specifically, we first develop an Aerial-Street Joint Adaptive Densification method to resolve the densification conflicts arising from large view coverage disparity. We then introduce a Contribution-based Anchor Pruning strategy to effectively mitigate the storage overhead from capturing multi-scale scene details. Furthermore, we propose a Global-to-Local Optimization strategy to refine the reconstruction of under-optimized regions resulting from imbalanced view distributions. Experiments across diverse urban scene datasets demonstrate that Urban-GS significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method in novel-view rendering quality, while simultaneously reducing storage overhead by an average of 41%.