Can Pre-trained Vision and Language Models Answer Visual Information-Seeking Questions?

Pre-trained vision and language models (Chen et al., 2023b,a; Dai et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023b) have demonstrated state-of-the-art capabilities over existing tasks involving images and texts, including visual question answering. However, it remains unclear whether these models possess the capability to answer questions that are not only querying visual content but knowledge-intensive and informationseeking. In this study, we introduce INFOS-EEK 1 , a visual question answering dataset tailored for information-seeking questions that cannot be answered with only common sense knowledge. Using INFOSEEK, we analyze various pre-trained visual question answering models and gain insights into their characteristics. Our findings reveal that state-of-the-art pre-trained multi-modal models (e.g., PaLI-X, BLIP2, etc.) face challenges in answering visual information-seeking questions, but finetuning on the INFOSEEK dataset elicits models to use fine-grained knowledge that was learned during their pre-training. Furthermore, we show that accurate visual entity recognition can be used to improve performance on INFOSEEK by retrieving relevant documents, showing a significant space for improvement. * Work done when interned at Google 1 Our dataset is available at https:// open-vision-language.github.io/infoseek/ .