When Audio and Text Disagree: Revealing Text Bias in Large Audio-Language Models
Cheng Wang, Gelei Deng, Xianglin Yang, Han Qiu, Tianwei Zhang
Abstract
Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are enhanced with audio perception capabilities, enabling them to effectively process and understand multimodal inputs that combine audio and text. However, their performance in handling conflicting information between audio and text modalities remains largely unexamined. This paper introduces MCR-BENCH, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed to evaluate how LALMs prioritize information when presented with inconsistent audio-text pairs. Through extensive evaluation across diverse audio understanding tasks, we reveal a concerning phenomenon: when inconsistencies exist between modalities, LALMs display a significant bias toward textual input, frequently disregarding audio evidence. This tendency leads to substantial performance degradation in audio-centric tasks and raises important reliability concerns for real-world applications. We further investigate the influencing factors of text bias, and explore mitigation strategies through supervised finetuning, and analyze model confidence patterns that reveal persistent overconfidence even with contradictory inputs. These findings underscore the need for improved modality balance during training and more sophisticated fusion mechanisms to enhance the robustness when handling conflicting multi-modal inputs 1 .
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Cited by top-tier papers2
- HAVE-Bench: Hierarchical Audio-Visual Evaluation from Perception to InteractionZhong Muyan, Erfei Cui, Sen Xing, Weiyun Wang et al.CVPR 2026
- Reshaping Representation Space to Balance the Safety and Over-rejection in Large Audio Language ModelsHao Yang, Lizhen Qu, Ehsan Shareghi, Gholamreza HaffariEMNLP 2025
Builds on8
- LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language ModelsEdward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu et al.ICLR 2022 · 18,833 citations
- wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech RepresentationsAlexei Baevski, Yuhao Zhou, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Michael AuliNeurIPS 2020 · 9,451 citations
- Large Language Models are Zero-Shot ReasonersTakeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo et al.NeurIPS 2022 · 8,168 citations
- Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak SupervisionAlec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Tao Xu, Greg Brockman et al.ICML 2023 · 6,966 citations
- Large Language Models Can Be Easily Distracted by Irrelevant ContextFreda Shi, Xinyun Chen, Kanishka Misra, Nathan Scales et al.ICML 2023 · 970 citations
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