OpenTab: Advancing Large Language Models as Open-domain Table Reasoners
Kezhi Kong, Jiani Zhang, Zhengyuan Shen, Balasubramaniam Srinivasan, Chuan Lei, Christos Faloutsos, Huzefa Rangwala, George Karypis
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on large volumes of data excel at various natural language tasks, but they cannot handle tasks requiring knowledge that has not been trained on previously. One solution is to use a retriever that fetches relevant information to expand LLM's knowledge scope. However, existing textual-oriented retrieval-based LLMs are not ideal on structured table data due to diversified data modalities and large table sizes. In this work, we propose OPENTAB, an open-domain table reasoning framework powered by LLMs. Overall, OPENTAB leverages table retriever to fetch relevant tables and then generates SQL programs to parse the retrieved tables efficiently. Utilizing the intermediate data derived from the SQL executions, it conducts grounded inference to produce accurate response. Extensive experimental evaluation shows that OPENTAB significantly outperforms baselines in both open-and closed-domain settings, achieving up to 21.5% higher accuracy. We further run ablation studies to validate the efficacy of our proposed designs of the system. We open source our implementation at https://github.com/amazon-science/ llm-open-domain-table-reasoner .
Ask about this paper
Your agent reads all of it.
Lune indexed this paper to the last equation, along with the top-tier papers that cite it. Ask a question and the answer quotes them.
Your agent calls
Luneget_paper_fulltext
Free to start. No credit card required.
Terminal
Install the CLIlune papers fulltext 25d030a8-905a-4c53-ab02-6bfb948f400cCited by top-tier papers9
- Causality Meets the Table: Debiasing LLMs for Faithful TableQA via Front-Door InterventionZhen Yang, Ziwei Du, Minghan Zhang, Wei Du et al.NeurIPS 2025 · 6 citations
- TaPERA: Enhancing Faithfulness and Interpretability in Long-Form Table QA by Content Planning and Execution-based ReasoningYilun Zhao, Lyuhao Chen, Arman Cohan, Chen ZhaoACL 2024 · 5 citations
- HyperG: Hypergraph-Enhanced LLMs for Structured KnowledgeSirui Huang, Hanqian Li, Yanggan Gu, Xuming Hu et al.SIGIR 2025 · 4 citations
- OmniMatch: Joinability Discovery in Data ProductsChristos Koutras, Jiani Zhang, Xiao Qin, Chuan Lei et al.VLDB 2025 · 3 citations
- RETQA: A Large-Scale Open-Domain Tabular Question Answering Dataset for Real Estate SectorZhensheng Wang, Wenmian Yang, Kun Zhou, Yiquan Zhang et al.AAAI 2025 · 3 citations
Builds on13
- Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersTom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 64,255 citations
- Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP TasksPatrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni et al.NeurIPS 2020 · 19,162 citations
- Retrieval Augmented Language Model Pre-TrainingKelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat et al.ICML 2020 · 2,937 citations
- Improving Language Models by Retrieving from Trillions of TokensSebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Jordan Hoffmann, Trevor Cai et al.ICML 2022 · 1,629 citations
- TAPEX: Table Pre-training via Learning a Neural SQL ExecutorQian Liu, Bei Chen, Jiaqi Guo, Morteza Ziyadi et al.ICLR 2022 · 347 citations
Related papers
- OpenSQL: Data-Efficient Text-to-SQL for Open-Source LLMs via Synthesized Intermediate SupervisionRuilin Hu, Yuyu Luo, Guoliang Li, Shuangqiao Wu et al.VLDB 2026 · 4 citations
- Dual Reader-Parser on Hybrid Textual and Tabular Evidence for Open Domain Question AnsweringAlexander Hanbo Li, Patrick Ng, Peng Xu, Henghui Zhu et al.ACL 2021
- Large Language Models are Versatile Decomposers: Decomposing Evidence and Questions for Table-based ReasoningYunhu Ye, Binyuan Hui, Min Yang, Binhua Li et al.SIGIR 2023 · 75 citations
- Chain-of-Table: Evolving Tables in the Reasoning Chain for Table UnderstandingZilong Wang, Hao Zhang, Chun-Liang Li, Julian Martin Eisenschlos et al.ICLR 2024 · 244 citations
- MMQA: Evaluating LLMs with Multi-Table Multi-Hop Complex QuestionsJian Wu, Linyi Yang, Dongyuan Li, Yuliang Ji et al.ICLR 2025
